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1 

THE BONDED LABOUR SYSTEM (ABOLITION) ACT, 1976 

_________ 

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 

__________ 

CHAPTER I 

PRELIMINARY 

SECTIONS 

1. Short title, extent and commencement. 

2. Definitions. 

3. Act to have overriding effect. 

CHAPTER II 

ABOLITION OF BONDED LABOUR SYSTEM 

4. Abolition of bonded labour system. 

5. Agreement, custom, etc., to be void. 

CHAPTER III 

EXTINGUISHMENT OF LIABILITY TO REPAY BONDED DEBT 

6. Liability to repay bonded debt to stand extinguished. 

7. Property of bonded labourer to be freed from mortgage, etc. 

8. Freed bonded labourer not to be evicted from homestead, etc. 

9. Creditor not to accept payment against extinguished debt. 

CHAPTER IV 

IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITIES 

10. Authorities who may be specified for implementing the provisions of this Act. 

11. Duty of District Magistrate and other officers to ensure credit. 

12. Duty of District Magistrate and officers authorised by him. 

CHAPTER V 

VIGILANCE COMMITTEES 

13. Vigilance Committees. 

14. Functions of Vigilance Committees. 

15. Burden of proof. 

CHAPTER VI 

OFFENCES AND PROCEDURE FOR TRIAL 

16. Punishment for enforcement of bonded labour. 

17. Punishment for advancement of bonded debt. 

18. Punishment for extracting bonded labour under the bonded labour system. 

19. Punishment for omission or failure to restore possession of property to bonded labourers. 

20. Abetment to be an offence. 

21. Offences to be tried by Executive Magistrates. 

22. Cognizance of offences. 

23. Offences by companies. 

CHAPTER VII 

MISCELLANEOUS 

24. Protection of action taken in good faith. 

25. Jurisdiction of civil courts barred. 

26. Power to make rules. 

27. Repeal and saving. 



2 

THE BONDED LABOUR SYSTEM (ABOLITION) ACT, 1976 

ACT NO. 19 OF 1976 

[9th February, 1976.] 

An Act to provide for the abolition of bonded labour system with a view to preventing the 

economic and physical exploitation of the weaker sections of the people and for matters 

connected therewith or incidental thereto. 

BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-seventh Year of the Republic of India as follows:— 

CHAPTER I 

PRELIMINARY 

1. Short title, extent and commencement.—(1) This Act may be called the Bonded Labour System 

(Abolition) Act, 1976. 

(2) It extends to the whole of India. 

(3) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 25th day of October, 1975. 

2. Definitions.—In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,— 

(a) “advance” means an advance, whether in cash or in kind, or partly in cash or partly in kind, 

made by one person (hereinafter referred to as the creditor) to another person (hereinafter referred to 

as the debtor); 

(b) “agreement” means an agreement (whether written or oral, or partly written and partly oral) 

between a debtor and creditor, and includes an agreement providing for forced labour, the existence 

of which is presumed under any social custom prevailing in the concerned locality. 

Explanation.—The existence of an agreement between the debtor and creditor is ordinarily 

presumed, under the social custom, in relation to the following forms of forced labour, namely:— 

Adiyamar, Baramasia, Basahya, Bethu, Bhagela, Cherumar, Garru-Galu, Hali, Hari, Harwai, 

Holya, Jana, Jeetha, Kamiya, Khundit-Mundit, Kuthia, Lakhari, Munjhi, Mat, Munish system, 

Nit-Majoor, Paleru, Padiyal, Pannayilal, Sagri, Sanji,Sanjawat, Sewak, Sewakia, Seri, Vetti; 

(c) “ascendant” or “descendant”, in relation to a person belonging to a matriarchal society, means 

the person who corresponds to such expression in accordance with the law of succession in force in 

such society; 

(d) “bonded debt” means an advance obtained, or presumed to have been obtained, by a bonded 

labourer under, or in pursuance of, the bonded labour system; 

(e) “bonded labour” means any labour or service rendered under the bonded labour system; 

(f) “bonded labourer” means a labourer who incurs, or has, or is presumed to have, incurred, a 

bonded debt; 

(g) “bonded labour system” means the system of forced, or partly forced, labour under which a 

debtor enters, or has, or is presumed to have, entered, into an agreement with the creditor to the effect 

that,— 

(i) in consideration of an advance obtained by him or by any of his lineal ascendants or 

descendants (whether or not such advance is evidenced by any document) and in consideration of 

the interest, if any, due on such advance, or 

(ii) in pursuance of any customary or social obligation, or 

(iii) in pursuance of an obligation devolving on him by succession, or 

(iv) for any economic consideration received by him or by any of his lineal ascendants or 

descendants, or 



3 

(v) by reason of his birth in any particular caste or community, 

he would— 

(1) render, by himself or through any member of his family, or any person dependent on him, 

labour or service to the creditor, or for the benefit of the creditor, for a specified period or for an 

unspecified period, either without wages or for nominal wages, or 

(2) forfeit the freedom of employment or other means of livelihood for a specified period or 

for an unspecified period, or 

(3) forfeit the right to move freely throughout the territory of India, or 

(4) forfeit the right to appropriate or sell at market value any of his property or product of his 

labour or the labour of a member of his family or any person dependent on him, 

and includes the system of forced, or partly forced, labour under which a surety for a debtor enters, or 

has, or is presumed to have, entered, into an agreement with the creditor to the effect that in the event 

of the failure of the debtor to repay the debt, he would render the bonded labour on behalf of the 

debtor. 

1
[Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that any system of forced, or partly 

forced labour under which any workman being contract labour as defined in clause (b) of sub-section (1) 

of section 2 of the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (37 of 1970), or an inter-State 

migrant workman as defined in clause (e) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Inter-State Migrant 

Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 (30 of 1979), is required to 

render labour or service in circumstances of the nature mentioned in sub-clause (1) of this clause or is 

subjected to all or any of the disabilities referred to in sub-clauses (2) to (4), is “bonded labour system” 

within the meaning of this clause;] 

(h) “family”, in relation to a person, includes the ascendant and descendant of such person; 

(i) “nominal wages”, in relation to any labour, means a wage which is less than,— 

(a) the minimum wages fixed by the Government, in relation to the same or similar labour, 

under any law for the time being in force, and 

(b) where no such minimum wage has been fixed in relation to any form of labour, the wages 

that are normally paid, for the same or similar labour, to the labourers working in the same 

locality; 

3. Act to have overriding effect.—The provisions of this Act shall have effect notwithstanding 

anything inconsistent therewith contained in any enactment other than this Act, or in any instrument 

having effect by virtue of any enactment other than this Act. 

CHAPTER II 

ABOLITION OF BONDED LABOUR SYSTEM 

4. Abolition of bonded labour system.—(1) On the commencement of this Act, the bonded labour 

system shall stand abolished and every bonded labourer shall, on such commencement, stand freed and 

discharged from any obligation to render any bonded labour. 

(2) After the commencement of this Act, no person shall— 

(a) make any advance under, or in pursuance of, the bonded labour system, or 

(b) compel any person to render any bonded labour or other form of forced labour. 

                                                           
1. Explanation added by Act 73 of 1985, s. 2 (w.e.f. 24-12-1985).  



4 

5. Agreement, custom, etc., to be void.—On the commencement of this Act, any custom or tradition 

or any contract, agreement or other instrument (whether entered into or executed before or after the 

commencement of this Act), by virtue of which any person, or any member of the family or dependant of 

such person, is required to do any work or render any service as a bonded labourer, shall be void and 

inoperative. 

CHAPTER III 

EXTINGUISHMENT OF LIABILITY TO REPAY BONDED DEBT 

6. Liability to repay bonded debt to stand extinguished.—(1) On the commencement of this Act, 

every obligation of a bonded labourer to repay any bonded debt, or such part of any bonded debt as 

remains unsatisfied immediately before such commencement, shall be deemed to have been extinguished. 

(2) After the commencement of this Act, no suit or other proceeding shall lie in any civil court or 

before any other authority for the recovery of any bonded debt or any part thereof. 

(3) Every decree or order for the recovery of bonded debt, passed before the commencement of this 

Act and not fully satisfied before such commencement, shall be deemed, on such commencement, to have 

been fully satisfied. 

(4) Every attachment made before the commencement of this Act, for the recovery of any bonded 

debt, shall, on such commencement, stand vacated; and, where, in pursuance of such attachment, any 

movable property of the bonded labourer was seized and removed from his custody and kept in the 

custody of any court or other authority pending sale thereof, such movable property shall be restored, as 

soon as may be practicable after such commencement, to the possession of the bonded labourer. 

(5) Where, before the commencement of this Act, possession of any property belonging to a bonded 

labourer or a member of his family or other dependant was forcibly taken over by any creditor for the 

recovery of any bonded debt, such property shall be restored, as soon as may be practicable after such 

commencement, to the possession of the person from whom it was seized. 

(6) If restoration of the possession of any property referred to in sub-section (4) or sub-section (5) is 

not made within thirty days from the commencement of this Act, the aggrieved person may, within such 

time as may be prescribed, apply to the prescribed authority for the restoration of the possession of such 

property and the prescribed authority may, after giving the creditor a reasonable opportunity of being 

heard, direct the creditor to restore to the applicant the possession of the concerned property within such 

time as may be specified in the order. 

(7) An order made by any prescribed authority, under sub-section (6), shall be deemed to be an order 

made by a civil court and may be executed by the court of the lowest pecuniary jurisdiction within the 

local limits of whose jurisdiction the creditor voluntarily resides or carries on business or personally 

works for gain. 

(8) For the avoidance of doubts, it is hereby declared that, where any attached property was sold 

before the commencement of this Act, in execution of a decree or order for the recovery of a bonded debt, 

such sale shall not be affected by any provision of this Act: 

Provided that the bonded labourer, or an agent authorised by him in this behalf, may, at any time 

within five years from such commencement, apply to have the sale set aside on his depositing in court, for 

payment to the decree-holder, the amount specified in the proclamation of sale, for the recovery of which 

the sale was ordered, less any amount, as well as mesne profits, which may, since the date of such 

proclamation of sale, have been received by the decree-holder. 

(9) Where any suit or proceeding, for the enforcement of any obligation under the bonded labour 

system, including a suit or proceeding for the recovery of any advance made to a bonded labourer, is 

pending at the commencement of this Act, such suit or other proceeding shall, on such commencement, 

stand dismissed. 

(10) On the commencement of this Act, every bonded labourer who has been detained in civil prison, 

whether before or after judgment, shall be released from detention forthwith. 



5 

7. Property of bonded labourer to be freed from mortgage, etc.—(1) All property vested in a 

bonded labourer which was, immediately before the commencement of this Act under any mortgage, 

charge, lien or other incumbrances in connection with any bonded debt shall, in so far as it is relatable to 

the bonded debt, stand freed and discharged from such mortgage, charge, lien or other incumbrances, and 

where any such property was, immediately before the commmencement of this Act, in the possession of 

the mortgagee or the holder of the charge, lien or incumbrance, such property shall (except where it was 

subject to any other charge), on such commencement, be restored to the possession of the bonded 

labourer. 

(2) If any delay is made in restoring any property, referred to in sub-section (1), to the possession of 

the bonded labourer, such labourer shall be entitled, on and from the date of such commencement, to 

recover from the mortgagee or holder of the lien, charge or incumbrance, such mesne profits as may be 

determined by the civil court of the lowest pecuniary jurisdiction within the local limits of whose 

jurisdiction such property is situated. 

8. Freed bonded labourer not to be evicted from homestead, etc.—(1) No person who has been 

freed and discharged under this Act from any obligation to render any bonded labour, shall be evicted 

from any homestead or other residential premises which he was occupying immediately before the 

commencement of this Act as part of the consideration for the bonded labour. 

(2) If, after the commencement of this Act, any such person is evicted by the creditor from any 

homestead or other residential premises, referred to in sub-section (1), the Executive Magistrate in charge 

of the Sub-Division within which such homestead or residential premises is situated shall, as early as 

practicable, restore the bonded labourer to the possession of such homestead or other residential premises. 

9. Creditor not to accept payment against extinguished debt.—(1) No creditor shall accept any 

payment against any bonded debt which has been extinguished or deemed to have been extinguished or 

fully satisfied by virtue of the provisions of this Act. 

(2) Whoever contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) shall be punishable with imprisonment for 

a term which may extend to three years and also with fine. 

(3) The court, convicting any person under sub-section (2) may, in addition to the penalties which 

may be imposed under that sub-section, direct the person to deposit, in court, the amount accepted in 

contravention of the provisions of sub-section (1), within such period as may be specified in the order for 

being refunded to the bonded labourer. 

CHAPTER IV 

IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITIES 

10. Authorities who may be specified for implementing the provisions of this Act.—The State 

Government may confer such powers and impose such duties on a District Magistrate as may be 

necessary to ensure that the provisions of this Act are properly carried out and the District Magistrate may 

specify the officer, subordinate to him, who shall exercise all or any of the powers, and perform all or any 

of the duties, so conferred or imposed and the local limits within which such powers or duties shall be 

carried out by the officer so specified. 

11. Duty of District Magistrate and other officers to ensure credit.—The District Magistrate 

authorised by the State Government under section 10 and the officer specified by the District Magistrate 

under that section shall, as far as practicable, try to promote the welfare of the freed bonded labourer by 

securing and protecting the economic interests of such bonded labourer so that he may not have any 

occasion or reason to contract any further bonded debt. 

12. Duty of District Magistrate and officers authorised by him.—It shall be the duty of every 

District Magistrate and every officer specified by him under section 10 to inquire whether, after the 

commencement of this Act, any bonded labour system or any other form of forced labour is being 

enforced by, or on behalf of, any person resident within the local limits of his jurisdiction and if, as a 

result of such inquiry, any person is found to be enorcing the bonded labour system or any other system 

of forced labour, he shall forthwith take such action as may be necessary to eradicate the enforcement of 

such forced labour. 



6 

CHAPTER V 

VIGILANCE COMMITTEES 

13. Vigilance Committees.—(1) Every State Government shall, by notification in the Official 

Gazette, constitute such number of Vigilance Committees in each district and each Sub-Division as it may 

think fit. 

(2) Each Vigilance Committee, constituted for a district, shall consist of the following members, 

namely:— 

(a) the District Magistrate, or a person nominated by him, who shall be the Chairman; 

(b) three persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes and residing in the 

district, to be nominated by the District Magistrate; 

(c) two social workers, resident in the district, to be nominated by the District Magistrate; 

(d) not more than three persons to represent the official or non-official agencies in the district 

connected with rural development, to be nominated by the State Government; 

(e) one person to represent the financial and credit institutions in the district, to be nominated by 

the District Magistrate. 

(3) Each Vigilance Committee, constituted for a Sub-Division, shall consist of the following 

members, namely:— 

(a) the Sub-Divisional Magistrate, or a person nominated by him, who shall be the Chairman; 

(b) three persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes and residing in the              

Sub-Division, to be nominated by the Sub-Divisional Magistrate; 

(c) two social workers, resident in the Sub-Division, to be nominated by the Sub-Divisional 

Magistrate; 

(d) not more than three persons to represent the official or non-official agencies in the             

Sub-Division connected with rural development to be nominated by the District Magistrate; 

(e) one person to represent the financial and credit institutions in the Sub-Division, to be 

nominated by the Sub-Divisional Magistrate; 

(f) one officer specified under section 10 and functioning in the Sub-Division. 

(4) Each Vigilance Committee shall regulate its own procedure and secretarial assistance, as may be 

necessary, shall be provided by— 

(a) the District Magistrate, in the case of a Vigilance Committee constituted for the district; 

(b) the Sub-Divisional Magistrate, in the case of a Vigilance Committee constituted for the                  

Sub-Division. 

(5) No proceeding of a Vigilance Committee shall be invalid merely by reason of any defect in the 

constitution, or in the proceedings, of the Vigilance Committee. 

14. Functions of Vigilance Committees.—(1) The functions of each Vigilance Committee shall 

be,— 

(a) to advise the District Magistrate or any officer authorised by him as to the efforts made, and 

action taken, to ensure that the provisions of this Act or of any rule made thereunder are properly 

implemented; 

(b) to provide for the economic and social rehabilitation of the freed bonded labourers; 

(c) to co-ordinate the functions of rural banks and co-operative societies with a view to canalising 

adequate credit to the freed bonded labourer; 

(d) to keep an eye on the number of offences of which cognizance has been taken under this Act; 



7 

(e) to make a survey as to whether there is any offence of which cognizance ought to be taken under 

this Act; 

(f) to defend any suit instituted against a freed bonded labourer or a member of his family or any 

other person dependant on him for the recovery of the whole or part of any bonded debt or any other debt 

which is claimed by such person to be bonded debt. 

(2) A Vigilance Committee may authorise one of its members to defend a suit against a freed bonded 

labourer and the member so authorised shall be deemed, for the purpose of such suit, to be the authorised 

agent of the freed bonded labourer. 

15. Burden of proof.—Whenever any debt is claimed by a bonded labourer, or a Vigilance 

Committee, to be a bonded debt, the burden of proof that such debt is not a bonded debt shall lie on the 

creditor. 

CHAPTER VI 

OFFENCES AND PROCEDURE FOR TRIAL 

16. Punishment for enforcement of bonded labour.—Whoever, after the commencement of this 

Act, compels any person to render any bonded labour shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term 

which may extend to three years and also with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees. 

17. Punishment for advancement of bonded debt.—Whoever advances, after the commencement 

of this Act, any bonded debt shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three 

years and also with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees. 

18. Punishment for extracting bonded labour under the bonded labour system.—Whoever 

enforces, after the commencement of this Act, any custom, tradition, contract, agreement or other 

instrument, by virtue of which any person or any member of the family of such person or any dependant 

of such person is required to render any service under the bonded labour system, shall be punishable with 

imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and also with fine which may extend to two 

thousand rupees; and, out of the fine, if recovered, payment shall be made to the bonded labourer at the 

rate of rupees five for each day for which the bonded labour was extracted from him. 

19. Punishment for omission or failure to restore possession of property to bonded                

labourers.—Whoever, being required by this Act to restore any property to the possession of any bonded 

labourer, omits or fails to do so, within a period of thirty days from the commencement of this Act, shall 

be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may 

extend to one thousand rupees, or with both; and, out of the fine, if recovered, payment shall be made to 

the bonded labourer at the rate of rupees five for each day during which possession of the property was 

not restored to him. 

20. Abetment to be an offence.—Whoever abets any offence punishable under this Act shall, 

whether or not the offence abetted is committed, be punishable with the same punishment as is provided 

for the offence which has been abetted. 

Explanation,—For the purpose of this Act, “abetment” has the meaning assigned to it in the Indian 

Penal Code (45 of 1860). 

21. Offences to be tried by Executive Magistrates.—(1) The State Government may confer, on                

an Executive Magistrate, the powers of a Judicial Magistrate of the first class or of the second class                     

for the trial of offences under this Act; and, on such conferment of powers, the Executive Magistate,                 

on whom the powers are so conferred, shall be deemed, for the purposes of the Code of Criminal 

Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), to be a Judicial Magistrate of the first class, or of the second class, as the 

case may be. 

(2) An offence under this Act may be tried summarily by a Magistrate. 

22. Cognizance of offences.—Every offence under this Act shall be cognizable and bailable. 



8 

23. Offences by companies.—(1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by a 

company, every person who, at the time the offence was committed, was in charge of, and was 

responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall 

be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished 

accordingly. 

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where any offence under this Act has been 

committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or 

connivance of, or is attributable to, any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other 

officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall be deemed to be guilty of 

that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. 

Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,— 

(a) “company” means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals; 

and 

(b) “director” , in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm. 

CHAPTER VII 

MISCELLANEOUS 

24. Protection of action taken in good faith.—No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall 

lie against any State Government or any officer of the State Government or any member of the Vigilance 

Committee for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act. 

25. Jurisdiction of civil courts barred.—No civil court shall have jurisdiction in respect of any 

matter to which any provision of this Act applies and no injunction shall be granted by any civil court in 

respect of anything which is done or intended to be done by or under this Act. 

26. Power to make rules.—(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, 

make rules for carrying out the provisions of this Act. 

(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the foregoing power, such rules may provide for all or any 

of the following matters, namely:— 

(a) the authority to which application for the restoration of possession of property referred to in 

sub-section (4), or sub-section (5), of section 6 is to be submitted in pursuance of sub-section (6) of 

that section; 

(b) the time within which application for restoration of possession of property is to be made, 

under sub-section (6) of section 6, to the prescribed authority; 

(c) steps to be taken by Vigilance Committees under clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 14, to 

ensure the implementation of the provisions of this Act or of any rule made thereunder; 

(d) any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed. 

(3) Every rule made by the Central Government under this Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it 

is made, before each House of Parliament while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may 

be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session 

immediately following the session or successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any 

modification in the rule or both Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter 

have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such 

modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under 

that rule. 

27. Repeal and saving.—(1) The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Ordinance, 1975 (17 of 1975) 

is hereby repealed. 

(2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under the Ordinance (including 

any notification published, direction or nomination made, power conferred, duty imposed or officer 

specified) shall be deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of this Act. 


	BONDED LABOUR HINDI
	THE BONDED LABOUR SYSTEM (ABOLITION) ACT, 1976 No. 19 of 1976 Date 09.02.1976