THE PUDUCHERRY LAND ENCROACHMENT ACT, 1970

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THE PUDUCHERRY LAND ENCROACHMENT ACT, 1970 
(No. 2 of 1971) 

 
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 

 
SECTION 
 

1. Short title, extent and commencement. 
2. Definitions. 
3. Right of property in public roads, etc., waters and lands. 
4. Levy of assessment of lands unauthorisedly occupied. 
5. Conclusiveness of decision as to amount of assessment. 
6. Liability of person unauthorisedly occupying land to penalty after  
    notice. 
7. Notice before proceeding under section 6. 
8. Recovery of assessment or penalty levied as arrears of land revenue. 
9. Appeal. 

          10. Revision. 
          11. Stay pending decision in appeal or revision. 
          12. Limitation for appeal and application for revision. 
          13. Document accompanying petition of appeal or application for revision. 
          14. Saving of operations of other laws in force. 
          15. Saving of suits by persons aggrieved by proceedings under the Act. 
          16. Certain persons deemed to be in unauthorised occupation of land. 
          17. Saving of lands claimed by right of escheat or reversion. 
          18. Power to make rules. 
          19. Power to remove difficulties. 
          20. Repeal and saving. 
 
 

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THE PUDUCHERRY LAND ENCROACHMENT ACT, 1970 
(Act No. 2 of 1971) 

          8th February, 1971 
AN ACT 

 
to provide measures for checking unauthorised occupation of lands which 

are the property of Government in the Union territory of Puducherry. 
 
BE it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of Puducherry in the Twenty- first 

Year of the Republic of India as follows: 
 

Short title, extent and commencement 
 

1. (1) This Act may be called the Puducherry Land Encroachment Act, 1970. 
 
(2) It extends to the whole of the Union territory of Puducherry. 
 
(3) It shall come into force on such date1 as the Government may, by 

notification in the Official Gazette, appoint. 
 

Definitions 
 

2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,- 
 
(a) “Government” means the Administrator of the Union territory of 

Puducherry appointed by the President under article 239 of the Constitution; 
 
(b) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act; 
(c) “Union territory” means the Union territory of Puducherry. 
 

Right of property in public roads, etc., water and lands 
 

3. (1) All public roads, streets, lanes and paths, the bridges, ditches, dikes and 
fences, on or beside the same, the bed of the sea and of harbours and creeks below 
high water mark and of rivers, streams, lakes and tanks, all back-waters, canals and 
water courses, and all standing and flowing water and all lands, wherever situated 
save in so far as the same are the property - 

 
 

________________________________________________________________________ 
1.The Act came into force on the 1st day of July, 1971 vide Notification No.E. 829/68 Revenue-i dated 26-6-1971 - 
Extraordinary Gazette No.69 dt. 28-6-1971. 
 
 
 



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(a) of any person holding under ryotwari tenure or in any way subject to the 
payment of land tax direct to Government, or 

 
(b) of any other person holding land under grant from the Government 

otherwise than by way of lease or licence, 
 

and, as to lands, save also in so far as they are temple site or owned as house- site or 
backyard, are, and are hereby declared, to be, the property of Government except as 
may be otherwise provided by any law for the time being in force, subject always to 
all rights of way and other public rights and to the natural and easement rights of 
other land-owners, and to all customary rights legally subsisting. 
 

(2) All public roads and streets and sites vested in any local authority shall, 
for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be the property of Government. 

 
Explanation: -- In this section, “high water mark” means the highest point 

reached by ordinary spring tides at any season of the year. 
 

Levy of assessment of lands unauthorisedly occupied 
 

4. Any person who shall unauthorisedly occupy any land which is the 
property of Government shall be liable to pay by way of assessment:- 

 
(i) if the land so occupied forms an assessed survey number or part thereof, 

the full assessment of such number for the whole period of his occupation or a part 
thereof proportionate to the area occupied, as the case may be; 

 
(ii) if the land so occupied be unassessed, an assessment on the area occupied 

calculated for the same period at the rate imposed on lands of a similar quality in 
the neighbourhood, or at the highest dry or wet rate of the village, as the case may 
be, or when no such rates exist in such manner as may be prescribed: 

 
Provided that payment of assessment under this section shall not confer any 

right of occupancy. 
 
Explanation. --- For the purposes of this section, occupation for an 

incomplete portion of a year may be deemed to be occupation for a whole year. 
 
 
 
 
 



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Conclusiveness of decision as to amount of assessment 

 
5. The decision as to the rate or amount of assessment payable under section 

4 shall be recorded in writing and shall not be questioned in any civil court. 
 

Liability of person unauthorisedly occupying land to penalty after notice 
 

6. Any person liable to pay assessment under section 4 shall also be liable at 
the discretion of the Deputy Collector (Revenue) or subject to his control, the 
Tahsildar or Deputy Tahsildar, as the case may be, to pay in addition by way of 
penalty:- 

 
     (i) If the land be assessed land, a sum not exceeding five rupees or, when 

ten times the assessment payable for one year under section 4 exceeds five rupees, a 
sum not exceeding ten times such assessment: 

 
Provided that no penalty shall ordinarily be imposed in respect of the 

unauthorised occupation of such land for any period not exceeding one year: 
 
    (ii) if the land be unassessed, a sum not exceeding ten rupees, or when 

twenty times the assessment payable for one year under section 4 exceeds ten 
rupees, a sum not exceeding twenty times such assessment. 

 
Notice before proceeding under section 6 

 
7. Before taking proceedings under section 6, the Deputy Collector 

(Revenue), or the Tahsildar or Deputy Tahsildar or Revenue Inspector, shall cause 
to be served in the prescribed manner on the person reputed to be in unauthorised 
occupation of land being the property of Government, a notice specifying the land 
so occupied and calling on him to show cause before a certain date why he should 
not be proceeded against under section 6: 

 
Provided that where the notice under this section is caused to be served by 

the Revenue Inspector, he shall require the person reputed to be in unauthorised 
occupation of the land to show cause against such notice to the Tahsildar or Deputy 
Tahsildar having jurisdiction and shall also make a report in writing containing 
such particulars as may be prescribed. 
 
 
 
 
 



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Recovery of assessment or penalty levied as arrears of land revenue 
 

8. The amount of assessment and penalty imposed under this Act on any 
person unauthorisedly occupying any land shall be deemed to be land revenue and 
may be recovered from him as arrears of land revenue under the law relating to 
recovery of land revenue for the time being in force. 

 
Appeal 

9. An appeal shall lie,:- 
 
(a) to the Deputy Collector (Revenue) against any decision or order passed 

by a Tahsildar or Deputy Tahsildar, as the case may be, under this Act, 
 
(b) to the Collector from any decision or order of the Deputy Collector 

(Revenue) passed otherwise than on appeal, and 
 
(c) to the Government from any decision or order of the Collector passed 

otherwise than on appeal. 
 

Revision 
 

10. (1) Any decision or order passed under this Act may be revised either suo 
motu or on application:- 

 
(a) by the Collector if such decision or order was passed by the 

Deputy Collector (Revenue) or a Tahsildar or Deputy Tahsildar,: 
 
(b) by the Government if such decision or order was passed by the 

Collector. 
 

(2) The power conferred by sub-section (1) shall not be exercised except on 
the ground that the Officer or authority whose decision or order is sought to be 
revised appears to have exercised a jurisdiction not vested in him by law, or to have 
failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested or to have acted in exercise of his 
jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity. 

 
(3) No decision or order shall be passed under sub-section (1) prejudicial to 

any person without giving such person a reasonable opportunity of making any 
representation that he may desire to make and such representation, if any, shall be 
taken into consideration before such decision or order is passed. 
 
 
 



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Stay pending decision in appeal or revision 
 

11. Pending the disposal of any appeal or application or proceedings for 
revision under this Act, the Deputy Collector (Revenue), Collector, or the 
Government, as the case may be, may, by order and subject to such conditions as 
may be specified therein, stay the execution of the decision or order appealed 
against or sought to be revised. 

 
Limitation for appeal and application for revision 

 
12. (1) No appeal shall be preferred under section 9 after the expiration of 

thirty days from the date on which the decision or order appealed against was 
received by the appellant. 

 
(2) No application for revision shall be preferred under sub-section (1) of 

section 10 after the expiration of thirty days from the date on which the decision or 
order sought to be revised was received by the applicant. 

 
(3) In computing the period of thirty days referred to in sub-sections (1) and 

(2), the time required to obtain a copy of the decision or order appealed against or 
sought to be revised shall be excluded. 

 
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (1) and (2), the 

officer or the Government may admit an appeal or application preferred after the 
period specified therein, if such officer or the Government is satisfied that the 
appellant or the applicant had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal or 
application within that period. 

 
Document accompanying petition of appeal or application for revision 

 
13. Every petition or appeal or application for revision under this Act shall be 

accompanied by the decision or order appealed against or sought to be revised or 
by an authenticated copy of the same. 

 
Saving of operations of other laws in force 

 
14. Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed as exempting any person 

unauthorisedly occupying land from liability to be proceeded against under any 
law for the time being in force: 

 
Provided that if any penalty has been levied from any person under section 

6, no similar penalty shall be levied from him under any other law in respect of 
such occupation. 



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Saving of suits by persons aggrieved by proceedings under the Act 
 
15. Nothing contained in this Act shall be held to prevent persons deeming 

themselves aggrieved by any proceedings under this Act except as herein before 
provided, from applying to the Civil Courts for redress: 

 
Provided that the civil courts shall not take cognizance of any suit instituted 

by such person for any such cause of action unless such suit shall be instituted 
within six months from the time at which the cause of action arose. 
 

Explanation: -- The cause of action shall be deemed to have arisen in respect 
of any assessment or penalty, on the date on which such assessment or penalty was 
levied. 
 
 

Certain persons deemed to be in unauthorised occupation of land 
 

16. Where a lease of land which is the property of Government expires or is 
terminated by the Government or any other authority competent in that behalf, the 
lessee or any other person remaining in possession of the land after such expiry or 
termination, or where land granted to any person is liable to be resumed by the 
Government for the breach or non-observance of any of the conditions subject to 
which the grant is made and the Government or any other authority competent in 
that behalf has passed orders resuming the land for such breach or non-observance, 
the grantee or any other person remaining in possession of the land after the 
passing of those orders, shall for the purposes of sections 4 to 14, be deemed to be a 
person unauthorisedly occupying such land. 

 
Saving of lands claimed by right of escheat or reversion 

 
17. Nothing in this Act save as provided in section 16 shall apply to any 

lands claimed by right of escheat or reversion until such lands have been reduced 
into possession by the Government. 

 
Power to make rules 

 
18. (1) The Government may make rules to carry out the purposes of this Act. 
      (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing 

power, such rules may provide for the following matters, namely: - 
 
 
 
 



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(a) the rates of assessment leviable under section 4; 
(b) the manner and procedure for imposition of penalties under 

section 6; 
(c) the manner of declaring that any particular land or class of lands 

which are the property of Government shall not be open to occupation; 
(d) the mode of service of notices under this Act; 
(e) the procedure to be followed in appeals and revisions under this 

Act and the fees to be paid in respect of such appeals and revisions; and 
(f) any other matter which under this Act is to be, or may be 

prescribed. 
 

(3) Every rule made under this Act shall, as soon as may be after it is made, 
be laid before the Legislative Assembly, Puducherry, while it is in session for a total 
period of fourteen days which may be comprised in one session or in two 
successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session in which it is so laid, or 
the session immediately following, the Legislative Assembly makes any 
modification in the rule or decides that the rule should not be made, the rule shall 
thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may 
be, so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without 
prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule. 

 
Power to remove difficulties 

 
19. If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act, the 

Government may, by general or special order to be notified in the Official Gazette 
do anything not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act which appears to the 
Government to be necessary for the purpose of removing the difficulty: 

 
Provided that no such order shall be made under this section with reference 

to any matter relating to any provision of this Act after the expiration of two years 
from the date of the commencement of this Act. 

 
Repeal and saving 

 
20. (1) All laws in force (including the Decree dated 18th May, 1920) in the 

Union territory corresponding to the provisions of this Act shall, as from the 
commencement of this Act, stand repealed. 
 
 
 
 
 



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(2) The repeal by sub-section (1) of any law in force in the Union territory 
immediately before the commencement of this Act shall not affect – 

 
(a) the previous operation of any such law or anything duly done or 

suffered thereunder, or 
(b) any right, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or 

incurred under any such law; or 
(c) any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred in respect of any 

offence committed against any such law; or 
(d) any investigation, legal proceeding or remedy in respect of any 

such right, privilege, obligation, liability, penalty, forfeiture or punishment 
as aforesaid; 

 
and any such investigation legal proceeding or remedy may be instituted, 
continued or enforced and any such penalty, forfeiture or punishment may be 
imposed as if this Act had not been passed. 
 

(3) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) anything done or any action 
taken, including any appointment or delegation made, notification, order, 
instruction, or direction issued, rule, regulation or form framed, certificate granted 
or registration effected under any such corresponding law shall be deemed to have 
been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of this Act and shall 
continue in force accordingly, unless and until superseded by anything done or any 
action taken under this Act. 

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STATEMENTS OF OBJECTS AND REASONS FOR ACT 2 OF 1971 

 
The Public premises (Eviction of Unauthorized Occupants) Act, 1958 came 

into force in this Union territory under the Puducherry (Laws) Regulation, 1963 
from 1.10.63. 

 
While eviction of unauthorized occupants is possible under that Act, there is 

no provision either in the said Act or in any of the existing laws for levy and 
collection of land assessment and penalty on the encroached lands. This is sought to 
be remedied by the present Bill. The Bill is intended to be in operation 
simultaneously with the said Act and in that sense will be supplementary and 
complementary to it. 
 
 

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