THE ROORKEE UNIVERSITY ACT 1947

290 

 

THE ROORKEE UNIVERSITY ACT 1947
1
 

[U. P. ACT No. IX OF 1948] 
 

As AMENDED BY U. P. ACT No. XII OF I949 

Adapted and modified by the Adaptation of Laws 

Order, 1950 

 

[Passed by the United Provinces Legislative Assembly on November 7, 1947 and by 

the United Provinces Legislative Council on December 2, 1947. 

 

Received the assent of the Governor on February 7, 1948, under section 75 of the, 

Government of India Act, 1935 as adapted by the India (Provisional Constitution) Order, 1947 

and was published in the United Provinces Government Gazette of February 28, 1948.]  

AN 

ACT 

to establish and incorporate a teaching and  residential University at Roorkee  

 

WHEREAS it is expedient to provide for the teaching of all branches of Engineering at 

the Thomson College of Engineering at Roorkee and incorporate it into a unitary, teaching arid 

residential University;  

It IS hereby enacted as follows: 

Short title and 

commencement  
1- (1) This Act may be called the Roorkee University Act, 1947.  

(2) It shall come into force on such dates
3
 as the [State Government]

2
 may by 

notification in the official, Gazette, appoint in this behalf.   

 

[Definitions  2-  In this Act :-- 

(a) “Academic Council” means the Academic Council of the University; 

(b) “Academic Department” means a teaching Department of the 

University in which instructions are imparted leading to Bachelor’s or Post 

Graduate Degree or Diploma; 

(c) “Academic Centre’ means a School, a Centre, a Laboratory, an 

Institute or the like established by the University, in which research, teaching 

or training is carried out but which is not covered under clause (b); 

(d) “Board of Studies” means the Board of Studies of an Academic 

Department or an Academic Centre constituted in accordance with the 

regulations; 

(e) “Dean” means a Dean appointed in accordance with the regulations;  

 
 

1. For SOR see Utter Pradesh Gazette, Extraordinary, dated August 23, 1947 Part. VII. pro 

61-63.  

2. Subs. by A. O. 1950 for (Provincial Government).  

3. The Act came into force on March 1, 1948 vide notification no. 310·TC/XXIII-21.TC/46, 

dated February 27, 1948 in Gazette, dated March 6, 1948, Part I. P. 160.  

 

 



291 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]       [Section 3-4] 
 

  (f) “Director or Co-ordinator” means the Director or Coordinator of an 

Academic Centre appointed as such in accordance with the regulations; 

(g) “Finance Committee” means the Finance Committee of the 

University; 

(h) “Head of the Academic Department” means the Head of an Academic 

Department appointed in accordance with the regulations; 

(i) “Hostel”  means a unit of residence for the students of the University 

maintained or recognized by the University 

(j) “Registered Graduate” means a graduate registered according to rules 

framed by the Syndicate under section 20; 

(k) “Regulations”  means a regulations framed by the Syndicate under 

section 21; 

(l) “Rule” means a rule framed by the Syndicate under section 20;  

(m) “Teacher” means a Professor, Associate Professor, Assistant 

Professor, Reader, Lecturer or any other person impairing instruction in the 

University; 

(n) “University” means the Roorkee University established under this 

Act.]
1
 

 

The University  3- [(1) The Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor, the Pro-Vice-Chancellor, if any, 

and the members of the Senate, the Syndicate, the Academic Council and the 

Finance Committee, for the time being  holding office as such in the University 

shall constitute a body corporate by the name of the University of Roorkee.]2 

(2) The University shall have perpetual succession and a common seal and 

shall sue and be sued by the said name. 
 

Powers of the 

University  
4- The University shall have the following powers;  namely :--  

(1) to provide for instruction in such branches of Engineering and allied 

subjects as the University may think fit and to make provision for research 

and for the advancement and dissemination of knowledge in the aforesaid 

subjects;  

(2) to hold examinations and to grant degrees to and confer other 

academic distinctions on persons who--  

  [(a) have pursued a course of study in the University or partly in the 

University and partly in any institution approved in that behalf by the 

University; or   

(aa) have carried on research in the University or in any institution 

approved in that behalf by the University; or]
3 

 

1. Substituted by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998. 

2. Subs. by section 3 ibid. 

3. Subs. by section 4 (i) ibid. 

 



292 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]           [Section 5-6] 

 

  (b) are teachers in educational institutions under conditions 

prescribed in the regulations and shall have passed the examinations of 

the University under like conditions ;  

(3) to confer honorary degrees or other distinctions on approved persons 

in the manner prescribed in the regulations ;  

(4) to provide such lectures and instruction for, and to grant such 

diplomas to persons not being members of the University as the University 

may determine;  

(5) to co-operate with other Universities, authorities and institutions in 

such manner as maybe necessary to advance the objects of the University;  

(6) to institute [Professorships, Associate Professorships, Assistant 

Professorships]
1
 readerships, lecturerships and other teaching posts required 

by the University and to appoint persons to such posts ;  

(7) to institute. fellowships arid scholarships, organize exhibitions and 

award medals and prizes in accordance with the rules and regulations ;  

(8) to maintain hostels and recognize hostels not maintained by the 

University, provided that no hostel shall be so recognized for five years from 

the date this Act comes into force ; 

(9) to demand and receive such fees as may be prescribed by the 

regulations;  

(10) to supervise and control the residence and discipline of the students 

of the University and to make arrangements for promoting their health and 

general welfare; and  

(11) to do all such other acts and things whether incidental to the powers 

aforesaid or not, as may be requisite in order to advance the objects of the 

University as a teaching and examining body, and to promote Engineering 

and allied subjects; 

[Provided that the University shall not transfer any immovable property 

by way of sale, gift, mortgage or lease for a period exceeding thirty years, 

without the previous approval of the State Government.]
2 

 

University 

open to all  

classes, castes  

and creeds  

5- The University shall be open to all persons of either sex and of whatever race, 

creed or class and it shall not be lawful for University to impose on any person any 

restrictions of religious belief or professions in order to entitle him to be admitted 

thereto as a teacher or student or to hold any office therein or to enjoy or exercise 

any privilege thereof except where such restriction is a condition of any 

benefaction accepted by the University.  
 

Teaching of  

the University  
6- (1) All recognized teaching in connection with the University courses shall be 

conducted by the University as prescribed by the regulations.  

 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
 

1. Insertion by section 4 (ii) of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998. 

2. Added by section 4 (iii)  ibid. 



293 

 

 [The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 7-7A] 

 

  (2) The courses and curricula shall be prescribed by the regulations.  

(3) It shall not be lawful for the University to conduct courses or maintain 

classes for the purpose of preparing students for admission to the University. 

 

 
Inspection and  

enquiry  
7- (1) The [State Government]

1
 shall have the right to cause an inspection to be 

made by such person, as it may direct, of the University, its buildings, laboratories, 

workshops and equipment, and also of the examination, teaching and other work 

conducted or done by the University, and to cause an inquiry to be made in like 

manner in respect of any matter connected with the University. The [State 

Government]
1
 shall in every case give notice to the University of its intention to 

cause an inspection or inquiry to be made.  

(2) The [State Government]
1
 shall communicate to the Senate and the 

Syndicate its views on the results of any such inspection or inquiry, and shall after 

ascertaining the opinion of the Senate and the Syndicate thereon, issue such 

direction to the University as may be necessary.  

(3) The Syndicate shall report to the [State Government]
1
 the action, if any, 

which is proposed to be taken or has been taken upon the direction issued by the 

[State Government]
1
 under sub-section (2).  

The report shall be submitted within such times as may be directed by the 

[State Government]
l
 through the Senate which may express its opinion thereon.  

(4) If it appears to the [State Government]
1
 that the University has made 

default in performing a duty imposed on it by or under this Act or has failed to 

carry out any direction issued under sub­section (2) the [State Government]
1
 may, 

in exceptional circumstances appoint an officer to perform such duty or carry out 

such direction at the expense of the University.  

 

[Review 

Committee of  

the University 

 

7-A (1) There shall be a Review Committee of the University to review the over 

all performance of the University. 

(2) The Committee referred to in sub-section (1) shall consist of nine 

members to be nominated by the Chancellor from amongst the persons who have 

excelled in the field of engineering, technology or science. 

(3) The member of the Review Committee shall hold office at the pleasure of 

the Chancellor and shall get such facilities and honorarium as may be prescribed 

by the Rules. 

(4) Subject to sub-section (1), the Committee referred to therein shall at the 

end of every three years from the date of commencement of the Uttar Pradesh 

Roorkee University (Amendment) Act, 1997 independently review the academic 

performance of the University and submit, its report to the Chancellor who may 

take such actions thereon as he may deem expedient and necessary under the Act.]2 

 
 

1. Substituted by the A. O. 1950 for (Provincial Government ). 

2. Added by section 5 of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998. 

 



294 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 8-11] 

 

Officers of 

the 

University 

8- The following shall be the officers of the University------ 

(1) The Chancellor.  

(2) The Vice-Chancellor. .  

(3) The Pro-Vice-Chancellor.  

(4) The Registrar.  

(5) Such, other officers as maybe declared by the regulations to be officers 

of the University.  
 

The Chancellor 9- (1) The Chancellor shall be nominated by the [State Government]
1
. 

(2) The term of office of the Chancellor shall be three years.  

(3) The Chancellor shall have such powers as may be conferred on him by this 

Act or the rules.  

(4) Every proposal for the conferment of an honorary degree or distinction 

shall be subject to the confirmation of the Chancellor.  

 

[The Vice- 

Chancellor 
10- (1) The Vice-Chancellor shall be appointed by the Chancellor out of a panel of 

a minimum of three engineers, scientists or technologists, nominated by a 

Committee consisting of the President of Indian National Academy of Engineering 

or President of the Institution of Engineers (India), and two other members 

appointed by the State Government. The Vice-Chancellor shall hold office on such 

terms and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by the rules.  

(2) Where any temporary vacancy in the office of the Vice-Chancellor occurs 

by reasons of leave, illness or any other cause, and –  

(i) such vacancy is for a period not exceeding two months the Pro-Vice-

Chancellor, if any, appointed or if there is no Pro-Vice-Chancellor or the Pro-

Vice- Chancellor too is absent, the senior most Professor of the University, 

shall exercise the powers and perfom the duties of the Vice-Chancellor until 

the expiry of the period of two months or the vacancy in the office of the Vice-

Chancellor is filed or the Pro-Vice-Chancellor, if any, takes over, whichever 

occurs first; 

(ii) such a vacancy is for a period exceeding two months, the Chancellor 

may appoint any suitable engineer, scientist or technologist to the office of the 

Vice-Chancellor for a term not exceeding six months, which may, from time to 

time be extended up to a total period of one year, including the term fixed in 

the original order.]
2 

 

Powers and  

duties of the  

Vice-

Chancellor 

11- (1) The Vice-Chancellor shall be a whole- time officer of the University. He 

shall be the principal executive and academic officer of the University and shall, in 

the absence of the Chancellor preside at the meetings of the Senate and at any 

Convocation of the University. He shall be an ex officio member and [Chairman of 

the Syndicate, Academic Council and the Finance Committee and]
3
 shall be entitled 

to be present and to speak at any meeting of any authority or other body of the 

University, but shall not be entitled to vote thereat unless he is a member of the 

authority or body concerned. .  
 

 
1. Substituted by the A. O. 1950 for (Provincial Government ). 

2. Substituted by section 6 of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998. 

3. Subs by section 7 (a)  ibid. 



295 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 12-13] 
 

  (2) It shall be the duty of the Vice-Chancellor to see that the provisions of this 

Act, the rules and regulations are faithfully observed, and shall have all powers 

necessary for this purpose.  

(3) The Vice-Chancellor shall have power to convene meetings of the [Senate, 

the Syndicate, Academic Council and the Finance Committee]
1
:  

Provided that he may delegate his power to any other officer of the 

University.  

(4) (a) In any emergency which, in the opinion of the Vice-Chancellor, 

requires that immediate action should be taken, he shall take such action as he 

deems necessary, and shall at the earliest opportunity thereafter report his action to 

the officer, authority or other body who or which in the ordinary course would 

have dealt with the matter.  

(b) When the action taken by the Vice-Chancellor under clause (a) affects any 

person in the service of the University such person shall be entitled to prefer an 

appeal to the Syndicate within fifteen days from the date on which such action 

communicated to him.  

(5) The Vice-Chancellor shall give effect to the orders of the Syndicate 

regarding the appointment, 'dismissal and suspension of the officers and teachers 

of the University, and shall exercise general control over the affairs of the 

University. He shall be responsible for the discipline of the University in 

accordance with the provisions of this Act, the rules and the regulations.  

(6) The Vice-Chancellor shall exercise such other powers and perform such 

other duties as may be prescribed by the rules or regulations. 

 

[The Pro-Vice-

Chancellor 
12- (1) The Vice-Chancellor, if he considers necessary, may appoint a Pro-Vice-

Chancellor from amongst ten senior most Professors of the University.  

(2) The Pro-Vice-Chancellor shall discharge his duties in addition to his 

duties as Professor.  

(3)  The Pro-Vice-Chancellor shall hold office at the pleasure of the Vice- 

Chancellor. 

(4) The Pro-Vice-Chancellor shall get such facilities and honorarium as may 

be prescribed by the rules. 

(5) The Pro-Vice-Chancellor shall, assist the Vice-Chancellor in such matters 

as may be specified by the Vice-Chancellor from time to time, shall exercise such 

powers and perform such duties as may be assigned or delegated to him by the 

Vice-Chancellor and shall in the absence of the Vice-Chancellor exercise the 

powers and perform the duties of the Vice-Chancellor.]
2 

 

The Registrar  13- The Registrar shall be a whole-time officer of the University and shall act as 

Secretary of the [Senate, the Syndicate, the Finance Committee and the Academic 

Council and shall be appointed in the manner prescribed by rules.]
3
 He shall 

exercise such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by 

the rules or regulations.  

 

1. Substituted by section 7 (b) of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998. 

2. Subs. by section 8 ibid. 

3. Subs. by section 9 ibid. 



296 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 14-16] 

 

Other Officers  14-  The powers of the officers of the University other than the Chancellor, Vice-

Chancellor, Pro-Vice-Chancellor and the Registrar shall be prescribed by the rules 

or regulations.  

 

Authorities of 

the University  
15- The following shall be authorities of the University :--  

(1) The Senate; 

(2) The Syndicate; 

[(2-a) The Academic Council; 

(2-b) The Finance Committee;]
1 

(3) Such other authorities as may be declared by the regulations to be 

the authorities of the University.  
 

[The Senate  16- (1) The Senate shall consist of the following members; namely :-  

CLASS I- Ex-officio members­  

(i) the Chancellor; 

(ii) the Vice-Chancellor; 

(iii) the Pro-Vice-Chancellor, if any; 

(iv) the Secretary to the Government of Uttar Pradesh, in the Technical 

Education Department or his nominee not below the rank of Joint Secretary; 

(v) all Deans; 

(vi) all Heads of the Academic Department and all Directors or Co-

ordinators of Academic Centers; 

(vii) the Registrar,  

 

CLASS II- Life members-  

(viii)  persons not exceeding three appointed by name by the Chancellor 

to be life members on the ground that they have distinguished in or have 

rendered meritorious services to engineering and technological science or 

education; 

(ix)  all persons who have made donations of not less than ten lakh 

rupees to  or for the purposes of the University; 

(x) all other persons who are life members on the date of 

commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Roorkee University (Amendment) Act, 

1997; 

 

CLASS III- Representation of Parliament and State Legislature: 

(xi) two  members of the Lok Sabha to be nominated by the Speker of 

the Lok Sabha; 
 

  

1. Substituted by section 10 of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998. 



297 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                       [Section 16] 

 
  (xii) one member of the Rajya Sabha to be nominated by the Chairman 

of the Rajya Sabha; 

(xiii) four members of Vidhan Sabha of the State to be elected by it; 

(xiv) two members of the Vidhan Parishad of the State to be elected by 

it; 
 

CLASS IV-- Registered Graduates : 

(xv) ten representatives of the registered graduates of the University to 

be elected in the manner prescribed by the rules; 

 

CLASS V—Representatives of the Teachers : 

(xvi)  thirty teachers of the University other than those who are already 

members in some other capacity, to be elected from amongst themselves. The 

number of their election shall be such as may be prescribed by rules : 

         Provided that a member once so elected shall not cease to be a member 

during the term for which he was so elected merely because he was appointed 

to any higher category of teachers; 

 

CLASS VI – Representatives of Non-Teaching Employees :-- 

(xvii) four representatives of the Non-Teaching Employees of the 

University to be nominated by the Vice-Chancellor; 

 

CLASS VII – Other members to be nominated by the State Government 

representing the following special interests or fields, namely :- 

(xviii) one representative of the Institution of Engineers (India); 

(xix) six representatives of the Public Sector Industries, 

Corporations, Research, Defence or other organizations; 

(xx) three representatives of the private sector industries or 

organizations; 

(xxi) one representative each of the Railways and Irrigation and 

Public Works Department of the State Government; 

(xxii) two representatives of the industrial organizations in the 

neighbourhood of the University; 

(xxiii) two representatives of the research institutions in the 

neighbourhood of the University; 

(xxiv) two representatives of the professional bodies of various 

disciplines of the University; 

(xxv) three representatives from amongst the Vice-Chancellors, 

Directors and Principals respectively of the Universities, Institutes and 

Colleges in the State having degree courses in Engineering or Technology. 

 



298 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 17-18] 

 

  (2) The term of office of a member of classes III, IV, V and VII referred to in 

sub-section (1) shall be three years and of a member of class VI referred to in t he 

said sub-section shall be one year, commencing from the date of first meeting of 

the Senate held after his election or nomination, as the case may be. 

(3) A person who became a member of the Senate (whether by election or 

nomination) by virtue of holding a particular office, shall cease to be such member 

on ceasing to hold such office notwithstanding that his term if any, has not 

expired.]
1 

 

Powers and  

duties of the  

Senate  

17- (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Senate shall exercise the 

following powers and perform the following duties : 

(a) of considering, amending or cancelling such regulations made by the 

Syndicate as need the approval of the Senate under this Act or the rules,  

(b) of considering and passing resolutions on matters affecting the welfare 

of the University, on the annual accounts and the Financial estimates, and  

(c) of exercising such other powers and performing such other duties as 

may be conferred or imposed upon it by this Act, or the rules.  

(2) The Senate shall on a date to be fixed by the Vice-Chancellor meet once a 

year at a meeting to be called "the annual meeting of the Senate.  

(3) The Vice-Chancellor may, whenever he thinks fit, and shall upon a 

requisition in writing signed by not less than twenty members of the Senate, 

convene a special meeting of the Senate.  

 

[The Syndicate 18- (1) The Syndicate shall be the Executive Body of the University. 

(2) The Syndicate shall consist of the following members; namely - 

(a) The Vice-Chancellor; 

(b) The Pro-Vice-Chancellor; 

(c) three Heads of the Department and one Director or coordinator of 

Academic Centers to be nominated by the Academic Council by rotation in 

the manner prescribed by the rules; 

(d) the Dean of Students Welfare; 

(e) nine representatives of teachers, other than those who are already 

members of the Syndicate in any other capacity, to be elected by the Senate. 

The number of the different categories of teacher and the manner of their 

election shall be such as may be prescribed by the rules; 

(f) four persons to be elected by the Senate from amongst such of its 

members as are not in the service of the University; 

 

 

1. Substituted by section 11 of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998. 



299 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 19] 

 

  (g)  two persons from amongst eminent engineers and architects not in 

the service of the university to be nominated by the Chancellor in the manner 

prescribed by the rules; 

(h) two persons from amongst the eminent educationists and scientists 

not in the service of the University; 

(i) the Secretary to the Government of Uttar Pradesh in the Technical 

Education Department or his nominee not below the rank of a Joint Secretary. 

(3) the term of office of the members referred to in clauses (c), (e), (f), (g) 

and (h) of sub-section (2) shall be three years, commencing from the date of the 

first meeting of the Syndicate held after his election or nomination, as the case may 

be. 

(4) A person who became a member of the syndicate (whether by election or 

nomination) by virtue of holding a particular office, shall cease to be such member 

on ceasing to hold such office, notwithstanding that his term if any, has not 

expired.]
2
 

 

Powers and  

duties of the  

Syndicate  

19- (1) The Syndicate shall, subject to the approval of the [State Government]
1
 in 

the case of (1) the appointment of officers and teachers, (2) the budget,                 

(3) extraordinary expenditure (4) extension of courses, and (5) any other matter 

ordered by the [State Government]
1
:  

(a) hold, control and administer the property and funds of the University;  

(b) direct the form, custody and use of the Common Seal of the 

University;  

(c) subject to the powers conferred by this Act on the Vice-Chancellor, 

regulate and determine all matters concerning the University in accordance 

with this Act and rules and regulations;  

(d) administer any funds placed at the disposal of the University for 

specific purposes ;  

(e) have power to accept transfer of any movable or immovable property 

on behalf of the University;  

(f) save as otherwise provided by this Act and the rules, appoint the 

officers (other than the Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor), teachers and other 

servants of the University and specify their duties and the conditions of 

service and provide for filling the temporary vacancies in their posts;   

(g) appoint examiners;  

(h) publish the results of the University examinations;  

(i) exercise such other powers and perform such other duties as may be 

conferred or imposed on it by this Act, the rules or the regulations; and  

 

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

1- Subs. by the A, O, 1950 for (Provincial Government).  

2- Substituted by section 12 of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998. 



300 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 19-A] 
 

  (j) exercise all other powers of the University not otherwise provided for 

by this Act, rules or the regulations.  

(2) Any regulations made for the purpose of clauses (b), (e), (f) and (g) of 

sub-section (1) for such other regulations, as may be so prescribed by the rules, 

shall be subject to the approval of the Senate.  

[(3) The Syndicate shall not take any decision in regard to the number and 

qualifications of teachers and the fees payable to the examiners without 

considering the recommendations of the Academic Council.]
1
  

 

 2
[The Academic  

Council 

19-A (1) The Academic Council shall be the Principal Academic Body of the 

University. 

(2) The Academic Council shall consist of the following members :-  

CLASS I- Ex-officio members­  

(i) The Vice-Chancellor; 

(ii) the Pro-Vice-Chancellor, if any appointed; 

(iii) all Heads of Academic Department; 

(iv) all Directors or Co-ordinators of Academic Centers; 

(v) the Librarian; 

(vi) one nominee of the University Grants Commission, New Delhi; 

(vii) one nominee of the Department of Education in the Ministry of 

Human Resource Development, Government of India; 

(viii) the Secretary to the Government of Uttar Pradesh, in the Technical 

Education Department or his nominee not below the rank of Joint Secretary; 

(ix) all Deans; 

(x) the Registrar; 

CLASS II- Representatives of Teachers : 

(xi) five senior most Professors of the University; 

(xii) two teachers from each academic Department, nominated by the 

Vice-Chancellor by rotation in order of seniority; 

Provided that only such Lecturers shall be eligible for nomination who 

have atleast three years experience as Lecturer or in equivalent capacity; 

CLASS III- Nominees of the Chancellor : 

(xiii) not more than five persons nominated by the Chancellor from 

amongst scientists, educationists, technologists, engineers and architects; 

(xiv) not more than five persons nominated by the Chancellor from 

amongst the Vice-Chancellors, Directors and Principals respectively of the 

Universities, Institutes and Colleges, having degree courses in engineering or 

technology; 

 
1. Substituted by section 13 of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998. 

2. Section 19-A, 19-B, 19-C and 19-D added by section 14 ibid. 



301 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 19-B] 

 

 
 CLASS IV- Representatives of the Industrial or Commercial 

Organizations:- 

(xv) two representatives of the industrial or commercial organizations, to 

be nominated by the State Government; 

(3) The term or office of a member referred to in clauses (xii), (xiii), (xiv) and  

(xv) of sub-section (2) shall be three years, commencing from the date of first 

meeting of the Academic Council held after his nomination. 

(4) A person who became a member of the Academic Council (whether by 

election or nomination) by virtue of holding a particular office shall cease to bbe 

such member on ceasing to hold such office, notwithstanding that his term, if any, 

has not expired. 

 

Powers and  

duties of the  

Academic 

Council 

19-B The Academic Council shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, the rules 

and the regulations – 

(a) recommend to the Syndicate provisions relating to all academic 

matters for inclusion in the regulations; 

(b) supervise and control the admission of students in the University 

and the examinations of the University; 

(c) consider and recommend to the Syndicate, proposals for the 

creation or abolition or merger or division, of the Academic Departments and 

Academic Centers; 

(d) control, regulate and maintain the standards of instruction, 

education, training and research carried on or imparted in the University; 

(e) co-ordinate the working of Boards of Studies and scrutinize and 

approve their proposals in regard to the scheme of teaching and examinations 

in the University; 

(f) scrutinize and approve the recommendations of the examiners of 

Ph.D. candidates; 

(g) advise the Syndicate in regard to the number and qualifications of 

teachers and the fees payable to the examiners; 

(h) approve in regard to the recognition of the certificates, diplomas 

and degrees of other Universities and Institutions, as prescribed in the rules 

and the regulations; 

(i) consider and make its recommendations on such matters as may be 

referred to it by the Senate or the Syndicate; 

(j) perform in relation to academic matters all such duties as may be 

necessary for the proper carrying out of the provisions of this Act, the rules 

and the regulations; 

(k) maintain contact with employer organizations with a view to, 

access their changing needs for the pattern of education required to be 

imparted by the University. 



302 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 19C-22] 

 

The Finance  

Committee 

19-C 

  
(1) The Finance Committee shall consist of the following person; namely :- 

(a) the Chancellor; 

(b) the Pro-Vice-Chancellor, if any appointed; 

(c) the Secretary to the Government of Uttar Pradesh in the Finance  

Department or his nominee not below the rank of a Joint Secretary; 

(d) the Secretary to the Government of Uttar Pradesh in the Technical 

Education Department or his nominee not below the rank of Joint 

Secretary; 

(e) five persons to be nominated by the Syndicate by a resolution, out 

of who two shall b the persons other than the members of Syndicate, who 

have interest in education and finance; 

(f) the Chief Accounts Officers; 

(g) the Registrar. 

(2) the term of the office of members referred to in clause (e) shall be three 

years commencing from the date of first meeting of the Finance Committee after 

their nomination: 

Provided that a person who became the member by virtue of being a member 

of the Syndicate shall cease to be such member on ceasing to be a member of the 

Syndicate, notwithstanding that his term, if any, has not expired. 

 
Powers and  

Duties of the  

Finance 

Committee 

19-D (1) The Finance Committee shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, rules 

and the regulations exercise the following powers and perform the following 

duties:- 

(a) framing of annual budget of the University and allocation of funds 

therefor; 

(b) generating sources of additional income other than the grant-in-aid; 

(c) to advise the University on the investment of University Funds; 

(d) such other matters as may be referred to it by the Syndicate. 

(2) The Finance Committee shall have such other powers and duties as are 

assigned to it under the rules.]
2 

 

The Rules 20-  The Syndicate may, with the approval of the [State Government]
1
 frame rules 

to carry out the purposes of this Act. 
 

Regulation 21-  Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules the Syndicate may frame 

any regulations to carry out the purposes of this Act and the rules.  
 

Residence 22- Every student of the University shall reside in a hostel or under such 

conditions as may be prescribed by the regulations.  
 

 

1. Subs. by the A. O. 1950 for (Provincial Government). 

2. Section 19-A, 19-B, 19-C and 19-D added by section 14 of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998.  

 



303 

 

 [The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 23-28] 
 

Admission to 

University 

Courses 

23- Admission of students to the University shall be made In accordance with the 

rules or the regulations.  
 

Examinations  24- All arrangements for the conduct of examinations shall be made by the 

Syndicate in such manner as may be prescribed by this Act or the regulations.  
 

Annual Report 25- The annual report of the university shall be prepared under the direction of the 

Syndicate and shall be submitted to the Senate on or before such date as may be 

prescribed by the rules and shall be considered by the Senate and passed with or 

without amendments as it thinks fit at its annual meeting. The Syndicate shall 

thereafter submit the annual report as passed by the Senate to the [State 

Government]
1 

with its views, if any, for any action which the [State Government]
l
  

may think fit.  
 

Control on  

funds of the  

University 

26- (1) The Vice-Chancellor shall, subject to the provisions of this Act and the 

rules and regulations, be responsible for managing the property and for the 

investments of the University. He shall also be responsible for the presentation of 

the annual estimates and statement of accounts.   

(2) The Auditors, appointed by the [State Government]
1
 shall audit the 

accounts of the University and submit a report to the Vice­ Chancellor as well as 

the [State Government]
1
. An Accounts Officer, appointed by the [State 

Government]1 according to the rules, shall be responsible for seeing that all 

moneys are spent on the purposes for which they are granted or allotted and that all 

accounts are properly maintained.  

(3) Every contract shall be signed by the Vice-Chancellor or a person 

authorized by him in this behalf.  
 

Annual 

account  
27- The annual accounts of the University shall be prepared under the direction of 

the Syndicate and shall be submitted to the [State Government]
l
 for necessary 

action.  
 

[Transitory 

provisions 
28- Upon the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Roorkee University 

(Amendment) Act, 1997 :-  

(i) the State Government shall as soon as may be, but not later than one 

year from such commencement take steps for the constitution of the 

Academic Council in accordance with the provisions of section 19-A and until 

the Academic Council is so constituted the functions of the Academic Council 

shall be performed by the Syndicate; 

(ii) the members of the Senate (other than those who are officers of the 

University or life members) shall cease to hold office as such members and 

the State Government shall, as soon as may be, but not later than one year 

from such commencement take steps for the reconstitution of the Senate in 

accordance with the provisions of section 16 and until such reconstitution of 

the Senate shall consist of the Ex-officio members, the life members and such 

members of the Syndicate as are nominated by the State Government under 

clause (iii) of section 16; 
  
 

1. Substituted by the A. O. 1950 for (Provincial Government). 

 



304 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 29-31] 

 

  (iii) the members of the Syndicate other than the Vice-Chancellor and 

Pro-Vice-Chancellor shall cease to hold office as such members and the State 

Government shall, as soon as may be, but not later than one year from such 

commencement, take steps for the reconstitution of the Syndicate in 

accordance with the provisions of section 18 and until such reconstitution the 

Syndicate shall consist of the Vice-Chancellor, the Pro-Vice-Chancellor, the 

Dean of Students welfare, the Secretary to the Government of Uttar Pradesh 

in the Technical Education Department and such members as may be 

nominated by the State Government to represent the classes refereed to in 

clauses (c), (e), (f), (g) and (h) of sub-section (2) of section 18. 

 

Surcharge 29- (1) An officer of the University except the Chancellor shall be liable to 

surcharge for the loss, waste or misapplication of any money or property of the 

University, if such loss, waste or misapplication is a direct consequence of his 

neglect or misconduct, while acting as such officer. 

(2) The procedure of surcharge and the manner of recovery of the amount 

involved in such loss, waste or misapplication shall be such as may bed prescribed 

by the State Government by notified order.]
2 

 

 
First 

Constitution of 

the University 

30- As soon as the first Vice-Chancellor, the first Pro-Vice-Chancellor and the 

first Registrar and the first Syndicate have been appointed the University will have 

been duly constituted. Until such time as the Senate is constituted, the function of 

the Senate shall be performed by the [State Government]
1
 .  

 Explanation--- for the purposes of this section the fist Syndicate shall be 

deemed to have been duly appointed without the four members to be elected by the 

Senate till such time as the Senate elects them.  

 
[Powers to  

remove 

difficulties 

 

31- (1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act, the 

State Government may, within a period of two years from the commencement of 

the Uttar Pradesh Roorkee University (Amendment) Act, 1997 by notified order, 

make such provisions not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as amended 

by the said Act of 1997, as appear to it to be necessary or expedient for removing 

the difficulty.  

(2) Every order made under sub-section (1) shall be laid as soon as may be, 

before both the houses of State Legislature and the provisions of sub-section (1) of 

section 23-A of the Uttar Pradesh General Clauses Act, 1904 shall apply, as they 

apply in respect of rules made by the State Government under any Uttar Pradesh 

Act.]
3 

 

 

1. Substituted by the A.O. 1950 for [Provincial Government]. 

2. Substituted by section 15 of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998.  

3. Subs. by section 16 ibid. 

 



305 

 

 

 

 

[The Rorkee University Act, 1947]                  [Section 32-34] 
 

Validity of the  

act of the  

Syndicate or  

the Senate 

 
 

32- No act or proceeding of the [Senate, the Syndicate, the Finance Committee or 

the Academic Council]
1
 shall be invalidated merely by reason of the existence of 

any vacancy among its members.  

Question to be 

referred to the 

Chancellor  

33-  If any question arises whether any person has been duly elected or appointed 

or is entitled to be a member or any authority of the University, the matter shall be 

referred to the Vice-Chancellor whose decision thereon shall be final.  

 

Contract for  

the 

appointment of  

officers and  

teaches  

34- Every salaried officer and teacher of the University shall be appointed by a 

written contract. The contract shall be lodged with the Registrar of the University 

and a copy thereof shall be furnished to the officer or teacher concerned. Any 

dispute arising out of a contract between the University and any officer or teacher 

of the University shall, on the request of the officer or teacher concerned, be 

referred to a Tribunal of arbitration consisting of one member appointed by the 

Syndicate, One member nominated by the officer or teacher concerned and an 

umpire appointed by the Chancellor. The decision of the Tribunal shall be final and 

no suit shall lie in any court in respect of the matter decided by the Tribunal. Every 

such request shall be deemed to be a submission to arbitration within the meaning 

of the Arbitration Act, 1940, and all the provisions of that Act shall apply 

accordingly.  

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.      Substituted by section 17 of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1998.  

 



306 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ¼;wfuoflZVh½ ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0 

¿la;qDr izkUr dh ,sDV la[;k 9] lu~ 1948 bZ0À 

 

THE ROORKEE UNIVERSITY ACT, 1947 

[U. P. Act No. IX of 1948] 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



307 

 

:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ¼;wfuoflZVh½ ,sDV] lu~ 1947
1
 bZ0 

¿la;qDr izkUr dh ,sDV la[;k 9] lu~ 1948 bZ0À 

mŸkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 12] 1949 }kjk ;Fkk la”kksf/kr 

,MsIVs”ku vkWQ ykWt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk vuqdwfyr rFkk ifj’dr̀A 

 Lak;qDr izkUrh; ysftLysfVo vlsEcyh rFkk ysftLysfVo dkmafly us dze”k% 07 uoEcj] lu~ 1947 

bZ0 rFkk 02 fnlEcj] 1947 bZ0 dh cSBd eas Lohdr̀ fd;kA 

Hkkjrh; ¼vLFkk;h fo/kku½ vkns”k lu~ 1947 bZ0 }kjk la”kksf/kr djds vuqdwy cuk, gq, 

Hkkjr&“kklu&fo/kku lu~ 1935 bZ0 dh /kkjk 75 ds vUrxZr xouZj us fnuk¡d 07 Qjojh] 1948 bZ0 dks 

Lohdr̀ iznku dh vkSj la;qDr izkUrh; “kkldh; xtV eas fnuk¡d 28 Qjojh] 1948 bZ0 dks izdkf”kr gqvkA 

:M+dh eas f”k{kk nsus okys Nk=ksa ds fuokl djus dk ¼jsftMsa”ky½ fo”ofo|ky; ¼;wfuoflZVh½ LFkkfir 

djus ds fy, 

,d 

,sDV 

D;ksafd ;g vko”;d vkSj ;qfDrlaxr gS fd :M+dh ds Vkelu bathfju;fjax dkWyst eas 

bathfu;fjax dh lHkh “kk[kkvksa dh f”k{kk nsus dh O;oLFkk dh tk; vkSj bls ,d ,sls fo”ofo|ky; ds :Ik eas 

LFkkfir fd;k tk;] tks ,dkRed gks vkSj tgk¡ ij f”k{kk nh tk; rFkk Nk=ksa ds fuokl dk izcU/k gks( 

blfy, fuEufyf[kr dkuwu cuk;k tkrk gS % & 

1&& ¼1½ bl ,sDV dk uke :M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ¼;wfuoflZVh½ ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0 gksxkA laf{kIr uke vkSj izkjEHk 

¼2½ ;g ,sDV ml rkjh[k
3
 ls iz;ksx eas vk,xk] tks ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ

2
 bl lEcU/k eas ljdkjh xtV 

eas foKfIr nsdj fu;r djsA 

¿2&& bl ,sDV eas %&& ifjHkk’kk,a 

¼d½ ^fo|k ifj’kn~̂  dk rkRi;Z fo”ofo|ky; dh fo|k ifj’kn~ ls gS( 

¼[k½ ^”kS{kf.kd foHkkx ¼,dsMsfed fMikVZesUV½^ dk rkRi;Z fo”ofo|ky; ds fdlh f”k{k.k 

foHkkx ls gS] ftleas ,slk f”k{k.k fb;k tkrk gS] ftldh ifj.kfr Lukrd ;k LukrdksÙkj fMxzh ;k 

fMIyksek eas gksrh gS( 

¼x½ ^”kS{kf.kd dsUnẑ  dk rkRIk;Z fo”ofo|ky; }kjk LFkkfir fdlh ,sls fo|ky;] dsUnz] 

iz;ksx”kkyk] laLFkku ;k ,slh gh fdlh laLFkk ls gS] ftleas vuqla/kku] f”k{k.k ;k izf”k{k.k dk dk;Z 

fd;k tkrk gks] fdUrq tks [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu u vkrk gks( 

¼?k½ ^v/;;u cksMẐ  dk rkRi;Z fdlh “kS{kf.kd foHkkx ;k “kS{kf.kd dsUnz ds v/;;u cksMZ lss 

gS] tks jsxqys”ku ds vuqlkj xfBr fd;k x;k gks( 

¼³½ ^ladk;k/;{k^ dk rkRi;Z jsxqys”ku ds vuqlkj fu;qDr fdlh ladk;k/;{k ls gS( 

  

 

1- mn~ns”;ksa vkSj dkj.kksa ds fooj.k ds fy, fnuk¡d 13 tqykbZ] 1977 dk ljdkjh vlk/kkj.k xtV nsf[k;sA 

2- ,MsIVs”ku vkWQ ykWt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfofU”k;y xouZesUV½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA 

3- foKfIr la0 310&Vh0&lh0@23&21&Vh0lh0@46] fna0 22-02-1948] xtV Hkkx 1] ì0 160] fna0 6-3-1948 }kjk 1 

ekpZ] 1948 ls ;g vf/kfu;e izòŸk gqvkA 

 



308 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À        ¿/kkjk 3&4À 

¼p½ ^funs”kd ;k leUo;drkẐ  dk rkRi;Z jsxqys”ku ds vuqlkj bl :Ik eas fu;qDr “kS{kf.kd 

dsUnz ds funs”kd ;k leUo;drkZ ls gS( 

¼N½ ^foÙk lfefr^ dk rkRi;Z fo”ofo|ky; dh foÙk lfefr ls gS( 

¼t½ ^”kS{kf.kd foHkkxk/;{k^ dk rkRi;Z jsxqys”ku ds vuqlkj fu;qDr fdlh “kS{kf.kd foHkkx 

ds v/;{k ls gS( 

¼>½ ^Nk=ky;^ dk rkRi;Z fo”ofo|ky; ¼;wfuoflZVh½ ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, fo”ofo|ky; 

}kjk iksf’kr ;k ekU;rk izkIr fuokl dh bdkbZ ls gS( 

¼¥½ ^jftLVMZ xzstq,V^ dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 20 ds v/khu flafMdsV }kjk cuk, x, fu;eksa ds 

vuqlkj jftLVMZ xzstq,V ls gS(  

¼V½ ^jsxqys”ku^ dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 21 ds v/khu flafMdsV }kjk cuk, x, jsxqys”ku ls gS(  

¼B½ ^fu;e^ dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 20 ds v/khu flafMdsV }kjk cuk, x, fu;e ls gS( 

¼M½ ^v/;kid ¼Vhpj½* dk rkRi;Z izksQslj] ,lksfl;sV izksQslj] vflLVsaV izksQslj] jhMj] 

ysDpjj ;k ,sls vU; O;fDr ls gS] tks fo”ofo|ky; eas f”k{k.k dk dk;Z djrk gks( 

¼<½ ^fo”ofo|ky;^ dk rkRi;Z bl ,sDV ds v/khu LFkkfir :M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ls gSAÀ
1 

3&& ¿¼1½ fo”ofo|ky; ds pkalyj] okbl&pkalyj] izks&okbl&pkalyj] ;fn dksbZ gks vkSj 

flusV] flafMdsV] fo|k ifj’kn~ vkSj foÙk lfefr ds lnL;] tks fo”ofo|ky; eas rRle; ,sls in 

/kkj.k dj jgs gksa] ls :M+dh fo”ofo|ky; uked ,d fuxfer fudk; xfBr gksxkAÀ
2
  

fo”ofo|ky; ¼;wfuoflZVh½ 

¼2½ fo”ofo|ky; dks fujUrj mŸkjkf/kdkj izkIr gksxk vkSj mldh ,d lkekU; eqnzk ¼eqgj½ gksxh 

vkSj og mDr uke ls ukfy”k djsxh vkSj mlh uke ls ml ij Hkh ukfy”k gks ldsxhA 

 

4&& fo”ofo|ky; dks fuEufyf[kr vf/kdkj izkIr gksaxs] vFkkZRk~ %& ;wfuoflZVh ds vf/kdkj 

¼1½ bathfu;fjax rFkk lEcfU/kr fo’k;ksa dh ,slh “kk[kkvksa eas f”k{kk nsus dh O;oLFkk djuk] 

tks fo”ofo|ky; Bhd le>s vkSj vuqla/kku rFkk mi;qZDr fo’k;ksa ds Kku dks mUufr rFkk izpkj 

ds fy, izcU/k djuk( 

¼2½ ijh{kk,a djuk vkSj ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks fMfxz;k¡ rFkk vU; f”k{kk lEcU/kh ;ksX;rk,a 

iznku djuk %& 

¿¼d½ ftUgksaus fo”ofo|ky; eas f”k{kk izkIr dh gks ;k dqN f”k{kk fo”ofo|ky; eas 

vkSj dqN fdlh ,slh laLFkk eas izkIr dh gks] ftldks fo”ofo|ky; us bl fufeÙk 

Lohdf̀r iznku dh gks( ;k  

¼dd½ ftUgksaus fo”ofo|ky; eas ;k fo”ofo|ky; }kjk bl fufeÙk Lohdf̀r fdlh 

laLFkku eas vuqla/kku dk;Z fd;k gks( ;kÀ
3 

 

 

1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA  

2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA  

3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA  

 

 



309 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À          ¿/kkjk 5&6À 

¼[k½ tks jsxqys”ku eas fu;r dh gqbZ “krksZa ds vUrxZr f”k{kk laLFkkvksa eas Vhpj gks 

vkSj tks bu “krkZsa ds v/khu fo”ofo|ky; dh ijh{kk eas mŸkh.kZ gq, gksa( 

¼3½ jsxqys”kUl eas fu;r rjhds ls Lohdr̀ O;fDr;ksa dks vkujsjh fMfxz;k¡ ;k nwljs 

fMfLVx”kUl iznku djuk( 

¼4½ mu yksxksa ds fy,] tks fo”ofo|ky; ds esEcj u gksa] ,sls ysDpjksa vkSj ,slh f”k{kk 

dk izcU/k djuk vkSj mUgsa ,sls fMIyksek nsuk] ftudks fo”ofo|ky; fu;r djs( 

¼5½ ,sls rjhds ls] tks fo”ofo|ky; ds mn~ns”;ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, t:jh gks] nwljs 

fo”ofo|ky; ds vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj laLFkkvksa ls lg;ksx djuk( 

¼6½ izksQsljksa] ¿,lksfl,sV izksQsljksa] vflLVsaV izksQsljksaÀ
1
 jhMjksa] ysDpjjksa vkSj nwljs 

f”k{kdksa dh txgsa dk;r djuk vkSj mu txgksa ij yksxksa dks fu;qDr djuk( 

¼7½ jsxqys”kUl vkSj fu;eksa ds vuqlkj Qyksf”ki vkSj Ldkyjf”ki dk;e djuk] izn”kZfu;k¡ 

laxfBr djuk vkSj esMy vkSj ikfjrksf’kd nsuk( 

¼8½ Nk=ky;ksa dk izcU/k djuk vkSj ,sls Nk=koklksa dks Lohdf̀r iznku djuk] ftudk 

izcU/k ;wfuoflZVh u djrh gks] ij “krZ ;g gS fd bl ,sDV ds ykxw gksus dh rkjh[k ls ik¡p lky 

rd fdlh Hkh Nk=kokl dks bl izdkj Lohdf̀r iznku ugha dh tk,xh( 

¼9½ ,slh Qhlksa dh ek¡x djuk vkSj mUgsa olwy djuk] ftUgsa jsxqys”kUl ds vuqlkj fu;r 

fd;k tk;( 

¼10½ fo”ofo|ky; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vuq”kklu vkSj fuokl LFkku dh ns[kHkky vkSj 

fu;a=.k djuk vkSj muds LokLF; vkSj jgu&lgu dks lq/kkjus ds fy, O;oLFkk djuk( vkSj 

¼11½ ,sls lc nwljs dke ;k ckrsa djuk] pkgs os mi;qZDr vf/kdkjksa ds lEcU/k eas gks ;k 

u gks] tks f”k{kk nsus okys vkSj ijh{kk nsus okyh laLFkk ds :Ik eas fo”ofo|ky; ds mn~ns”;ksa ds iwjk 

djus ds fy, t:jh gks vkSj bathfu;fjax vkSj lEcfU/kr fo’k;ksa dks rjDdh nsxk % 

¿ijUrq fo”ofo|ky; jkT; ljdkj ds iwokZuqeksnu ds fcuk fdlh LFkkoj lEifÙk dk 

vUrj.k] fcdzh] nku] cU/kd ;k rhl o’kZ ls vf/kd vof/k ds fy;s iV~Vs ds :Ik eas ugha djsxkAÀ
2 

 

5&& fo”ofo|ky; esa izR;sd tkfr] /keZ vkSj oxZ ds iq:’k ;k L=h nkf[ky gks ldrs gSa vkSj 

fo”ofo|ky; ds fy, ;g tk;t ugha gksxk fd og fdlh O;fDr ds] mleas ,d Vhpj ;k fo|kFkhZ dh 

gSfl;r ls nkf[ky gksus ;k mleas dksbZ in Lohdkj djus ;k mlds fdlh fo”ks’kkf/kdkj dks dke esa 

ykus ;k iz;ksx djus ds lEcU/k eas fdlh fdLe dk dksbZ /kkfeZd fo”ok; ;k is”kk&lEcU/kh izfrcU/k 

yxk,] flok; ml n”kk ds tc ,slk izfrcU/k fdlh ,sls nku dh ,d “krZ gks] ftls ;wfuoflZVh us 

Lohdkj dj fy;k gksA  

 

izR;sd oxZ] tkfr vkSj /keZ 

ds yksx fo”ofo|ky; eas 

nkf[ky gks ldrs gSa 

6&& ¼1½ fo”ofo|ky; ds ikB~;dzeksa ds lEcU/k eas lc Lohdr̀ f”k{k.k&dk;Z] tSlk   fd 

og jsxqys”kUl ds vuqlkj fu;r fd;k x;k gks] fo”ofo|ky; djsxkA 

fo”ofo|ky; dk f”k{k.k 

 

  

1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 4 ¼nks½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA  

2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 ¼rhu½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA  

 

 



310 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À          ¿/kkjk 7&7dÀ 

¼2½ ikB~;dze vkSj ikB~; iqLrdksa dh lwph jsxqys”kUl ds vuqlkj fu;r dh tk,xhA  

¼3½ fo”ofo|ky; ds fy, ;g tk;t ugha gksxk fd og fo”ofo|ky; eas nkf[ky djkus ds 

mn~ns”; ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks rS;kj djus ds fy, dksbZ ikB~;dze vkjEHk djs ;k d{kk,a [kksysaA 

 

7&& ¼1½ ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1
 dks ;g vf/kdkj izkIr gksxk fd og fdlh ,sls O;fDr }kjk] ftls 

og vkns”k ns] fo”ofo|ky; mldh bekjrksa] yscjhVhjht ¼iz;ksx”kkyk,a½] odZ”kki ¼dkj[kkus½ vkSj 

lkeku dk vkSj fo”ofo|ky; dh ijh{kkvksa] f”k{kk fof/k vkSj ,sls vU; dkeksa dk fujh{k.k djk,a] tks 

ogk¡ gksrs gksa ;k fd, tkrs gksa vkSj fdlh ,d ekeys dh tk¡p djk,] ftldk mDr fo”ofo|ky; ls 

lEcU/k gksA gj n”kk eas ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1
 dks ekU; gksxk fd og fujh{k.k ;k tk¡p] djus ds lEcU/k eas 

vius fopkj dh lwpuk fo”ofo|ky; dks ns nsA  

fujh{k.k vkSj tk¡p 

¼2½ ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1
 dks ekU; gksxk fd og fdlh ,sls fujh{k.k ;k ,slh tk¡p ds ifj.kkeks a ij 

vius fopkj flusV rFkk flafMdsV ds ikl Hkst ns vkSj ml ij flusV vkSj flafMdsV ds fopkj izkIr djus ds 

ckn fo”ofo|ky; dks vko”;d vkns”k tkjh djsA  

¼3½ flafMdsV dks ekU; gksxk fd og ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1
 dks fdlh ,slh dk;Zokgh dh fjiksVZ Hkst ns] 

tks flafMdsV us mls vkns”k ds lEcU/k eas dh gks ;k djus okyk gks] tks mls jkT; ljdkj us mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds 

v/khu tkjh dh gksA  

;g fjiksVZ] ftl ij flusV vius fopkj izdV dj ldrh gS] mlh ds }kjk ,sls le; ds Hkhrj 

Hkst nh tk,xh] ftlds lEcU/k eas jkT; ljdkj vkns”k nsA  

¼4½ ;fn ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1
 dks ekywe gks fd fo”ofo|ky; ds fdlh ,sls drZO; dk ikyu ugha 

fd;k gS] tks mls bl ,sDV ds v/khu ;k blds }kjk lkSaik x;k gks ;k fo”ofo|ky; us fdlh ,sls vkns”k dks 

dk;kZfUor u fd;k gks] tks mlds mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu tkjh fd;k x;k Fkk rks ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1
 vlk/kkj.k 

ifjfLFkfr esa ,sls drZO; dks ikyu djus ;k ,sls vkns”k dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy, fo”ofo|ky; ds [kpsZ 

ls fdlh vfQlj dks fu;qDr dj ldrh gSA 

 

¿7&d&& ¼1½ fo”ofo|ky; ds lEiw.kZ dk;Z dk iqufoZyksdu djus ds fy, fo”ofo|ky; dh ,d 

iqufoZyksdu lfefr gksxhA  

fo”ofo|ky; dh 

iqufoZyksdu lfefr 

 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ eas fufnZ’V lfefr eas ukS lnL; gksaxs] tks pkalyj }kjk] mu O;fDr;ksa eas ls] 

ftUgksaus bathfu;fjax] izkS|ksfxdh ;k foKku ds {ks= eas mRd’̀Vrk izkIr dh gks] uketn fd;s tk;saxsA 

 ¼3½ iqufoZyksdu lfefr ds lnL; pkalyu ds izlkn I;ZUr in /kkj.k djsaxs vkSj ,slh lqfo/kk,a vkSj 

ekuns; izkIr djsaxs] tSlk fu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk;A  

¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu jgrs gq,] mleas fufnZ’V lfefr mÙkj izns”k :M+dh fo”ofo|ky; 

¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1997 ds izkjEHk ds fnukad ls izR;sd rhu o’kZ dh lekfIr ij fo”ofo|ky; ds “kSf{kd 

dk;Z dk Lora= :Ik ls iqufoZyksdu djsxh vkSj viuh fjiksVZ pkalyj dks izLrqr djsxh] tks ml ij ,slh 

dk;Zogkh dj ldsxk] tSalh og ,sDV ds v/khu lehphu vkSj vko”;d le>sAÀ
2 

 

 

1- ,MsIVs”ku vkWQ ykWt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfofU”k;y xouZesUV½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA 

2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA  

 



311 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À           ¿/kkjk 8&11À 

8&& fo”ofo|ky; ds fuEufyf[kr vf/kdkjh gksaxs %& fo”ofo|ky; ds vQlj 

¼1½ pkalyj 

¼2½ okbl&pkalyj 

¼3½ izks&okbl&pkalyj 

¼4½ jftLVªkj 

¼5½ ,sls vU; vkWfQlj] tks jsxqys”kuksa ds vuqlkj fo”ofo|ky; ds vQlj gksA 

9&& ¼1½ pkalyj dks ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1
 uketn djsxhA pkalyj  

¼2½ pkalyj ds dk;Z&dky dh vof/k rhu o’kZ gksxhA 

¼3½ pkalyj dks ,sls vf/kdkj izkIr gksaxs] tks mls bl ,sDV ;k fu;eksa ds v/khu iznku fd, tk;aA 

¼4½ vkujsjh fMxzh ¼mikf/k½ ;k izfrHkk&lEcU/kh izek.k i= iznku djus ds izR;sd izLrko ij pkalyj 

dh Lohdf̀r ls O;ogkj fd;k tk,xkA 

¿10&& ¼1½ pkalyj] okbl&pkalyj dh fu;qfDr U;wure rhu ,sls bathfu;jksa] oSKkfudksa ;k 

izkS|ksfxdhfonksa dh lwph eas ls djsxk] ftUgsa dksbZ ,slh desVh euksuhr djs] ftleas bafM;u us”kuy 

vdsMseh vkWQ bathfu;lZ ds izslhMsUV ;k baLVhV~;w”ku vkWQ bathfu;lZ ¼bafM;k½ ds izslhMsUV vkSj jkT; 

ljdkj ds fu;qDr fd, gq, nks vU; lnL; lfEefyr gksA okblpkalyj ,sls fucU/kuksa ij ,slh “krksZa 

ds v/khu jgrs gq, vius in ij vk:<+ jgsxk] tks fu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh tk;sA  

okbl pkalyj  

¼2½ tgk¡ NqV~Vh ij tkus ;k jksxxzLr gksus ;k fdlh vU; dkj.k ls okblpkalyj dk in vLFkk;h 

:Ik ls [kkyh gks tk;] vkSj && 

¼,d½ ,slh fjfDr nks ekl ls vuf/kd dh vof/k ds fy,] ogka izks&okbl&pkalyj ;fn 

dksbZ fu;qfDr gks] ;k ;fn dksbZ izks&okbl&pkalyj u gks ;k izks&okbl&pkalyj Hkh vuqifLFkr gks 

rks fo”ofo|ky; dk T;s’Bre izksQslj nks ekl dh vof/k dh lekfIr rd ;k okbl&pkalyj ds 

in dh fjfDr Hkjus rd ;k izks&okbl&pkalyj] ;fn dksbZ gks] ds dk;ZHkkj xzg.k djus rd] bleas 

tks Hkh igys gks] okblpkalyj dh “kfDr;kas dk iz;ksx vkSj drZO; dk ikyu djsxk( 

¼nks½ ,sls fjfDr nks ekl ls vf/kd vof/k ds fy, gS] ogka pkalyj fdlh mi;qDr 

bathfu;j] oSKkfud ;k izkS|ksfxdhfon~ dks okblapklyj ds in ij N% ekl ls vuf/kd vof/k ds 

fy,] tks le;&le; ij ,d o’kZ dh dqy vof/k rd ds fy,] ftleas ewy vkns”k eas fu;r vof/k 

Hkh gS] c<kbZ tk ldrh gS] fu;qDr dj ldrk gSAÀ
1 

11&& ¼1½ okbl&pkalyj fo”ofo|ky; dk iwjs le; dke djus okyk vkWfQlj gksxk] og 

izcU/k rFkk f”k{kk lEcU/kh dk;ksZa dk Hkh eq[; vQlj gksxk vkSj mls ekU; gksxk fd og pkalyj dh 

vuqifLFkfr eas flusV dh cSBdksa vkSj mDr fo”ofo|ky;ksa ds fdlh dUoksds”ku ds volj ij mldk 

lHkkifrRo djsA og vius in dh gSfl;r ls ¿flafMdsV dk esEcj vkSj fo|k vkSj foÙk lfefr dk 

ps;jeSu gksxk vkSjÀ
2
 mls bl ckr dk vf/kdkj gksxk fd fo”ofo|ky; ds fdlh ^^vFkkWfjVh^^ ;k 

nwljh laLFkk dh cSBd eas mifLFkr jgs vksj cksys] ijUrq mls ml cSBd eas viuk oksV nsus dk 

vf/kdkj u gksxk tc rd fd og ml ^^vFkkWfjVh^^ ;k lEcfU/kr laLFkk dk esEcj u gksA  

okbl&pkalyj ds 

vf/kdkj vkSj drZO; 

 

 

1- ,MsIVs”ku vkWQ ykWt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfofU”k;y xouZesUV½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA 

2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 

3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 7 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA   

 

 



312 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À          ¿/kkjk 12&13À 

¼2½ okbl&pkalyj dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og ;g ns[ks fd bl ,sDV ds vkns”k] bu fu;eksa vkSj 

jsxqys”kuksa dk iw.kZ:Ik ls ikyu fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bl iz;kstu ds fy, mls vko”;d vf/kdkj izkIr gksaxsA 

 ¼3½ okbl&pkalyj dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd og ¿flusV] flafMdsV] fo|k ifj’kn~ vkSj foÙk lfefrÀ
1
 

dh cSBd djs % 

 ijUrq “krZ ;g gS fd mls vf/kdkj gksxk fd ;g vf/kdkj og fo”ofo|ky; ds fdlh nwljs 

vQlj dks ns nsA  

 ¼4½ ¼d½ fdlh ,slh vkdfLed vko”;drk ds vk iM+us ij] ftlds ckjs eas okbl&pkalyj dh 

;g jk; gks fd ml ij rqjUr dkjZokbZ dh tk;] og ,slh dkjZokbZ djs] ftls og vko”;d le>s vkSj mlds 

Ik”pkr~ lcls izFke volj ij viuh dkZokbZ dh fjiksVZ ,sls vQlj] ,slh ^^vFkkWfjVh^^ ;k nwljh laLFkk dks ns] 

tks lk/kkj.kr;k mDr ekeys ds lEcU/k eas dkjZokbZ djrk ;k djrhA 

¼[k½ ;fn ,slh dkjZokbZ dk izHkko] tks okD; [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu okbl&pkalyj dke esa yk;k gks] 

fdlh ,sls O;fDr ij iM+rk gks] tks fo”ofo|ky; dk deZpkjh gks] flafMdsV ds lkeus vius ekeys dh vihy 

djsA  

 ¼5½ okbl&pkalyj dks ekU; gksxk fd og fo”ofo|ky; ds v/;kidksa vkSj vkWfQljksa dh fu;qfDr] 

c[kkZLrxh vkSj eqvŸkyh ds ckjs eas flafMdsV ds vkns”kksa dk ikyu djus vkSj fo”ofo|ky; ds ekeyksa dh 

ns[kHkky djsA og bl ,sDV ds vkns”k vkSj ¼bl ,sDV ds v/khu cuk, x,½ fu;e vkSj jsxqys”kuksa ds v/khu 

fo”ofo|ky; eas vuq”kklu LFkkfir djus dk mŸkjnk;h gksxkA  

 ¼6½ okbl&pkalyj dks ekU; gksxk fd og ,sls nwljs vf/kdkj dke es yk;s vkSj nwljs drZO;ksa dk 

ikyu djs] tks fu;eksa vkSj jsxqys”kuksa ds v/khu mls fn, tk;a ;k lkSais tk;A 

¿12&& ¼1½ okbl&pkalyj] ;fn og vko”;d le>s] fo”ofo|ky; ds nl T;s’Bre izksQlsjksa 

eas ls ,d izks&okbl&pkalyj fu;qDr dj ldrk gSA   

izks&okbl&pkalyj 

 ¼2½ izks&okbl&pkalyj] izksQslj ds :Ik eas vius drZO;ksa ds vfrfjDr vius drZO;ksa dk fuoZgu 

djsxkA  

 ¼3½ izks&okbl&pkalyj] okblpaklyj ds izlkn i;ZUr in /kkj.k djsxkA 

¼4½ izks&okbl&pkalyj] ,sls lqfo/kk,a vkSj ,slk ekuns; izkIr djsxk] tSlk fu;eksa }kjk izkIr fd;k 

tk;A  

¼5½ izks&okbl&pkalyj ,sls fo’k;ksa eas tSlk okblpkalyj }kjk le;&le; ij fofufnZ’V fd, 

tk;a] okbl pklayj dh lgk;rk djsxk] ,slh “kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx vkSj ,sls drZO;ksa dk ikyu djsxk] tSls 

okbl pklayj }kjk lkSais ;k izR;k;ksftr fd, tk,a vkSj okbl pklayj dh vuqifLFkfr eas okbl pkalyj dh 

“kfDR;ksa dk iz;ksx vkSj drZO;ksa dk ikyu djsxkAÀ
2 

13&& jftLVªkj fo”ofOk|ky; dk iwjs le; dke djus okyk vQlj gksxk vkSj ¿flusV] 

flafMdsV] foÙk lfefr vkSj fo|k ifj’kn~ ds lsdszVjh dh gSfl;r ls dke djsxk] vkSj fu;eksa }kjk 

fu/kkZfjr jhfr ls fu;qDr fd;k tk;sxkAÀ
3
 og ,sls nwljs vf/kdkj dke eas yk,xk vkSj ,sls nwljs 

drZO;ksa dk ikyu djsxk] tks fu;eksa rFkk jsxqys”kuksa ds v/khu mls fn, ;k lkSais tk;A 

jftLVªkj 

 

 

1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 7 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 

2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 8 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA   

3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 9 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA  

 

 



313 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À        ¿/kkjk 14&16À 

14&& pkalyj] okbl&pkalyj] izks&okbl&pkalyj vkSj jftLVªkj ds vfrfjDr fo”ofo|ky; 

ds vQljksa ds vf/kdkj fu;eksa rFkk jsxqys”kuksa ds v/khu fu/kkZfjr fd, tk,asxsA 

 

nwljs vQlj 

15&& uhps fy[kh gqbZ ¼laLFkk,a½ fo”ofo|ky; dh ^^vFkkWfjfV;k¡^^ gkasxh %& fo”ofo|ky; dh 

^^vFkkWfjfV;k¡^^ 

¼1½ flusV( 

¼2½ flafMdsV( 

¿¼2&d½ fo|k ifj’kn~( 

¼2&[k½ foÙk lfefr(À
1 

¼3½ ,sls nwljs vf/kdkjh] tks fu;eksa ds v/khu fo”ofo|ky; ds vf/kdkjh ?kksf’kr fd, tk;aA 

¿16&& flusV eas fuEufyf[kr lnL; gksaxs( vFkkZr~ %& flusV 

Js.kh&,d& insu&lnL; %& 

¼,d½  pkalyj( 

¼nks½  okbl&pkalyj( 

¼rhu½  izks&okbl&pkalyj] ;fn dksbZ gks( 

¼pkj½  lfpo] mÙkj izns”k ljdkj] izkfof/kd f”k{kk foHkkx ;k mlds }kjk uketn O;fDr] 

tks la;qDr lfpo Lrj ls de dk u gks( 

¼ikap½  leLr ladk;k/;{k( 

¼N%½  leLr “kS{kf.kd foHkkxksa ds v/;{k vkSj leLr “kS{kf.kd dsUnzksa ds funs”kd ;k 

leU;odrkZ( 

¼lkr½ jftLVªkj( 

Js.kh&nks& vkthou lnL; & 

¼vkB½ rhu ls vuf/kd O;fDr] ftudks pklayj uke ls bl dkj.k vkthou lnL; fu;qDr 

djs fd mUgksaus bathfu;fjax vkSj izks|ksfxd foKku ;k f”k{kk eas fof”k’Vrk izkIr dh gS ;k mudh 

iz”kaluh; lsok dh gS(   

¼ukS½ ,sls leLr O;fDr] ftUgksaus fo”ofo|ky; dks ;k mlds mn~ns”;ksa ds fy, de ls de 

nl yk[k :Ik;s nku fn;k gS( 

¼nl½ ,ssls leLr O;fDr] tks mÙkj izns”k :M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1997 

ds izkjEHk ds fnukad dk vkthou lnL; gks( 

Js.kh&rhu& laln vkSj jkT; fo/kku e.My ds izfrfuf/k & 

¼X;kjg½ yksd lHkk ds nks lnL;] ftUgsa yksd lHkk ds v/;{k }kjk uketn fd;k tk;sxk( 

 

 

1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 10 }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 

 



314 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À            ¿/kkjk 16À 

¼ckjg½ jkT; lHkk dk ,d lHkkifr] ftls jkT; lHkk ds lHkkifr }kjk uketn fd;k 

tk;sxk( 

¼rsjg½ jkT; fo/kku lHkk ds pkj lnL;] ftUgsa mlds }kjk fuokZfpr fd;k tk;sxk( 

¼pkSng½ jkT; fo/kku ifj’kn~ ds nks lnL;] ftUgsa mlds }kjk fuokZfpr fd;k tk;sxk( 

Js.kh&pkj& jftLVMZ xzstq,V & 

¼iUnzg½ fo”ofo|ky; ds jftLVMZ xzstq,Vksa ds nl izfrfuf/k] ftUgsa fu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr 

jhfr ls fuokZfpr fd;k tk;sxk( 

Js.kh&ikap& v/;kidksa ds izfrfuf/k & 

¼lksyg½ fo”ofo|ky; ds rhl v/;kid] ftuds flok; tks fdlh vU; gSfl;r eas 

mlds igys ls lnL; gksa] tks vius eas ls fuokZfpr fd, tk;saxsA v/;kidksa dh fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa dh 

la[;k vkSj muds fuokZpu dh jhfr ,slh gksxh] tSlh fu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh tk; % 

ijUrq bl izdkj ,d ckj fuokZfpr lnL; dh lnL;rk ml vof/k ds nkSjku ftlds 

fy, og bl izdkj fuokZfpr fd;k x;k Fkk] dsoy bl dkj.k ls lekIr ugha gks tk;sxh fd 

mlds v/;kidksa dh fdlh mPprj Js.kh esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk( 

Js.kh&N%& f”k{k.ksÙkj deZpkfj;ksa ds izfrfuf/k  

¼l=g½ fo”ofo|ky;ksa ds f”k{k.ksÙkj deZpkfj;ksa ds pkj izfrfuf/k] ftUgsa okbl pkalyj 

}kjk uketn fd;k tk;sxk( 

 

Js.kh&lkr& jkT; ljdkj }kjk uketn fd, tkus okys vU; lnL;] tks fuEufyf[kr fo”ks’k fgrksa 

;k {ks=ksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djrs gksa] vFkkZr~ &  

¼vBkjg½ b.MLVªh;kss”ku vkWQ baftfu;lZ ¼bf.M;k½ dk ,d izfrfuf/k( 

¼mUuhl½ lkoZtfud {ks= ds m|ksaxks] fuxekas] vuql/kku] j{kk ¼fMQsUl½ ;k vU; laxBuksa 

ds N% izfrfuf/k( 

¼chl½ futh {ks= ds m|ksaxksa ;k laxBuksa ds rhl izfrfuf/k( 

¼bDdhl½ jsyos vkSj jkT; ljdkj ds flapkbZ vkSj yksd fuekZ.k foHkkxksa ds ,d&,d 

izfrfuf/k( 

¼ckbZl½ fo”ofo|ky; ds vkl&ikl ds vkS|ksfxd laxBuksa ds nks izfrfuf/k( 

¼rsbl½ fo”ofo|ky; ds vkl&ikl ds vuqla/kku laLFkkvkas ds nks izfrfuf/k( 

¼pkSchl½ fo”ofo|ky; ds fofHkUu “kSf{kd fo’k;ksa ¼fMlhfIyu½ ds òfÙkd fudk;ksa ds nks 

izfrfuf/k( 

¼iPphl½ jkT; ds fo”ofo|ky;ksa] laLFkkvksa vkSj egkfo|ky;ksa ds] ftleas bathfu;fjax ;k 

VSDuksykWth eas fMxzh ikB~;dze dks dze”k% okbl pkalyjksa] Mk;jsDVjksa vkSj fizflaiyksa eas rhu 

izfrfuf/kA 

 

 

 



315 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À          ¿/kkjk 17&18À 

¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ eas fofufnZ’V Js.kh rhu] pkj] ikap vkSj lkr ds fdlh lnL; dh inkof/k rhu o’kZ 

gksxh vkSj mDr mi/kkjk eas fofufnZ’V Js.kh N% ds lnL; dh inkof/k ,d o’kZ gksxh] tks ;FkkfLFkfr] mlds 

fuokZpu ;k uketn fd, tkus ds Ik”pkr~ flusV dh izFke cSBd gksus ds fnukad ls izkjEHk gksxhA  

¼3½ dksbZ O;fDr] tks flusV ds lnL; ¼pkgs fuokZpu uketnxh }kjk½ dksbZ in fo”ks’k /kkj.k djus 

ds vk/kkj ij gqvk gks] bl ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh fd mldh inkof/k] ;fn dksbZ gks] lekIr ugha gqbZ gS] ,sls 

in fo”ks’k ij u jg tkus ij ,slk lnL; ugha jg tk;sxkAÀ
1 

 

17&& ¼1½ bl ,sDV ds vkns”kksa dks ikcUnh ds lkFk flusV ds fuEufyf[kr vf/kdkj vkSj 

drZO; gksaxs %& 

flusV ds vf/kdkj vkSj 

drZO;  

¼d½ flafMdsV ds cuk, gq, ,sls fu;eksa ij] ftudh bl ,sDV ;k fu;eksa ds v/khu 

flusV dh Lohdf̀r dh vko”;drk gks] fopkj djuk] mudk la”kks/ku djuk ;k mUgsa eUlw[k djuk( 

¼[k½ ,sls ekeyksa ij] ftudk izHkko fo”ofo|ky; ds fgr ij iM+rk gks] okf’kZd fjiksVZ 

ij] okf’kZd fglkc&fdrkc ij vkSj vkfFkZd r[kehuksa ij fopkj djuk vkSj muds ckjs eas izLrko 

ikl djuk( vkSj 

¼x½ mu vf/kdkjksa dks dke esa ykus rFkk mu drZO;ksa dks djus ;k mldks vf/kdkj gksxk] 

tks bl ,sDV ;k bu fu;eksa ds vUrxZr mls izkIr gks ;k ml ij vk;n fd, x, gksA 

¼2½ flusV dh cSBd fdlh ml rkjh[k dks] tks okbl&pkalyj fu;r djs] o’kZ eas ,d ckj gqvk 

djsxh] tks ^^flusV dh okf’kZd cSBd^^ dgyk,xhA  

¼3½ okbl&pkalyj] tc Hkh mfpr le>s] flusV dh fo”ks’k cSBd cqyk ldrk gS] ysfdu flusV ds 

de ls de 20 lnL;ksa ds fyf[kr izkFkZuk&i= ikus ij og vo”; dh fo”ks’k cSBd cqyk,xkA 

 

¿18&& ¼1½ flafMdsV fo”ofo|ky; dh ,DtksD;wVho ckMh gksxhA   flaMhdsV  

¼2½  flafMdsV eas fuEufyf[kr lnL; gksaxs( vFkkZr~ %& 

¼d½  okbl pkalyj( 

  ¼[k½  izks&okbl&pkalyj] ;fn dksbZ fu;qDr gks( 

  ¼x½ rhu foHkkxk/;{k vkSj “kS{kf.kd dsUnzksa dk ,d funs”kd ;k leUo;drkZ] tks fu;eksa 

}kjk fu/kkZfjr jhfr ls pdzkuqdze ls fo|k ifj’kn~ }kjk uketn~ fd, tk,axs(  

  ¼?k½ Nk= dY;k.k dk ladk;k/;{k(  

  ¼³½ v/;kidksa ds ukS izfrfuf/k] flok; muds tks fdlh vU; gSfl;r eas flafMdsV ds 

igys ls lnL; gksa] ftUgsa flafMdsV }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk;sxkA v/;kidksa dh fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa dh 

la[;k vkSj muds fuokZpu dh jhfr ,slh gksxh] tSlh fu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh tk;A  

  ¼p½ pkj O;fDr] ftUgsa flusV }kjk vius ,sls lnL;ksa eas ls tks fo”ofo|ky; dh lnL;ksa 

eas ls u gks] fuokZfpr fd;k tk;sxk(  

 

 

 

1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 12 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA  

 

 



316 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À            ¿/kkjk 19À 

  ¼N½   lqfo[;kr bathfu;jksa vkSj oLrqfon~ksa ¼vkfdZVsDVks½ eas ls nks O;fDr] tks 

fo”ofo|ky; dh lsok eas u gks] ftUgsa fu;ekas }kjk fu/kkZfjr jhfr ls pkalyj }kjk uketn~ fd;k tk;sxk( 

¼t½  lqfo[;kr f”k{kkfon~ksa vkSj oSKkfudksa eas ls nks O;fDr] tks fo”ofo|ky; dh lsok eas 

u gks] ftUgsa fu;ekas }kjk fu/kkZfjr jhfr ls pkalyj }kjk uketn~ fd;k tk;sxk( 

¼>½ lfpo] mÙkj izns”k ljdkj] izkfof/kd f”k{kk foHkkx ;k mlds }kjk uketn O;fDr 

tks la;qDr lfpo Lrj ls de dk u gksA 

 ¼3½  mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼x½] ¼³½] ¼p½] ¼N½ vkSj ¼t½ eas fufnZ’V lnL;ksa dh inkof/k rhu o’kZ 

gksxh] tks ;FkkfLFkfr] mlds fuokZpu ;k uketn~ fd, tkus ds Ik”Pkkr~ flusV ds izFke cSBd gksus ds fnukad 

ls izkjEHk gksxhA 

 ¼4½  dksbZ O;fDr] tks flusV dk lnL;] ¼pkgs fuokZpu ;k uketnxh }kjk½ dksbZ in fo”ks’k /kkj.k 

djus ds vk/kkj ij gqvk gks] bl ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fd mldh inkof/k] ;fn dksbZ gks] lekIr ugha gqbZ gS] 

,sls in fo”ks’k ij u jg tkus ds dkj.k ,slk lnL; ugha jg tk;sxkAÀ
2 

 

19&& ¼1½ flafMdsV ¼1½ vQljksa vkSj v/;kidksa dh fu;qfDr] ¼2½ ctV] ¼3½ vlk/kkj.k 

O;;] ¼4½ ikB~;dze ds foLrkj ds ekeys eas vkSj ¼5½ fdlh ,sls vU; fo’k; eas] tSlk fd ¿jkT; 

ljdkjÀ
1
 vkns”k ns] jkT; ljdkj ds vuqeksnu ds v/khu] jgrs gq;s && 

 flafMdsV dh “kfDr;ka 

vkSj d̀R;  

 ¼d½  fo”ofo|ky; dh lEifŸk vkSj mlds dks’k dks j[ksxk] mldk izcU/k djsxk vkSj 

mldks bLrseky djsxk( 

 ¼[k½  fo”ofo|ky; dh la;qDr eqgj ds QkeZ] mldh lqj{kk vkSj bLrseky ds laca/k eas 

vkns”k nsxk( 

 ¼x½  mu vf/kdkjksa dk /;ku j[krs gq,] tks bl ,sDV ds vUrxZr okbl&pkalyj dks 

izkIr gksa] bl ,sDV vkSj bu fu;eksa rFkk jsxqys”kuksa ds vuqlkj fo”ofo|ky; ls lacaf/kr lkjs fo’k;ksa 

dks r; vkSj fu;af=r djsxk( 

 ¼?k½  ,sls fdlh dks’k dks [kpZ djsxk] tks fo”ofo|ky; dks fdlh fo”ks’k iz;kstu ds 

fy, fn;k x;k gks( 

 ¼³½  mls fo”ofo|ky; dh vksj ls fdlh Hkh py ;k vpy lEifŸk ds gLRkkarj.k dks 

Lohdr̀ djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk( 

 ¼p½  bl ,sDV vkSj bu fu;eksa eas] tSlk Hkh vk;kstu gks] fo”ofo|ky; ds vQljksa 

¼pklayj vkSj okbl&pkalyj dks NksM+dj½ v/;kidksa vkSj nwljs deZpkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr djsxk vkSj 

muds drZO; rFkk mudh ukSdfj;ksa dh “krsZa crk;sxk rFkk mudh vLFkk;h fjDr txgkssa ij 

fu;qfDr;k¡ djsxk( 

 ¼N½  ,Dtkfeuj fu;qDr djsxk( 

 ¼t½  fo”ofo|ky; ds ijh{kkQyksa dks izdkf”kr djuk( 

 ¼>½  ,sls vU; vf/kdkjksa vkSj ,sls vU; drZO;ksa dks dke esa ykuk] tks bl ,sDV] fu;eksa 

;k jsxqys”kuksa ds }kjk mldks izkIr gksa ;k ml ij Fkksis x;s gksa( 

 

 

1- ,MsIVs”ku vkWQ ykWt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfofU”k;y xouZesUV½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA 

2- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 12 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA  
  



317 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À        ¿/kkjk 19&dÀ 

¼´½  ,sls vU; fo”ofo|ky; ds vf/kdkjksa dks dke esa ykuk] ftudk bl ,sDV] fu;eksa 

;k jsxqys”kuksa eas fdlh nwljs izdkj ls vk;kstu u fd;k x;k gksA 

 ¼2½  mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds fQdjk ¼[k½] ¼³½] ¼p½] ¼N½ ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, cuk;s x;s fdlh jsxqys”ku ds 

fy, ;k ,sls vU; jsxqys”ku ds fy,] tks fu;eksa }kjk bl izdkj fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s gksa] flusV dh Lohdf̀r 

vko”;d gksxhA  

 ¿¼3½  flafMdsV v/;kidksa dh la[;k vkSj vgZrkvksa vkSj ,Dtkfeujksa dks ns; Qhl ds lEcU/k esa 

fo|k ifj’kn~ dh laLrqfr ij fopkj fd, fcuk dksbZ fofu”p; ugha djsxkAÀ
1
  

2
¿19&d&& fo|k ifj’kn~ fo”ofo|ky; dh izeq[k “kS{kf.kd fudk; gksxhA fo|k ifj’kn~ 

 ¼2½ fo|k ifj’kn~ eas fuEufyf[kr lnL; gksaxs( vFkkZr~ && 

Js.kh&,d& insu&lnL;  %& 

¼,d½  okbl&pkalyj( 

  ¼nks½  izks&okbl&pkalyj] ;fn dksbZ fu;qDr gks( 

  ¼rhu½ LkeLr “kS{kf.kd foHkkxksa ds foHkkxk/;{k( 

  ¼pkj½  leLr “kS{kf.kd dsUnzksa ds funs”kd ;k leUo;drkZ(  

  ¼ikap½ iqLrdky;k/;{k (  

¼N%½ fo”ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx] ubZ fnYyh }kjk uketn ,d O;fDr( 

¼lkr½ Hkkjr ljdkj ds ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; eas f”k{kk foHkkx dk ,d uketn 

O;fDr( 

¼vkB½ lfpo] mÙkj izns”k ljdkj] izkfof/kd f”k{kk foHkkx ;k mlds }kjk uketn O;fDr 

tks la;qDr lfpo Lrj ls de dk u gksA 

¼ukS½ leLr ladk;k/;{k( 

¼nl½ jftLVªkj( 

Js.kh&nks& v/;kidkas ds izfrfuf/k %& 

¼X;kjg½ fo”ofo|ky; ds ikap T;s’Bre izksQslj( 

¼ckjg½ izR;sd “kS{kf.kd foHkkx ls nks v/;kid] tks T;s’Brkdze eas] pdzkuqdze ls] 

okbl&pkalyj }kjk uketn fd;s tk;saxs % 

ijUrq dsoy ,sls ysDpjj uketnxh ds fy, ik= gksaxs] ftUgsa ysDpjj ds :Ik eas ;k 

led{k {kerk eas de ls de rhu o’kZ dk vuqHko gks( 

Js.kh&rhu& pklayj ds uketn O;fDr %& 

¼rsjg½ oSKkfudksa] f”k{kkfonksa] VSDukykftLVksa] bathfu;jksa vkSj okLrqfonkas ¼vkfdZVSDVksa½ eas ls 

pkalyj }kjk uketn ikap ls vuf/kd O;fDr( 

¼pkSng½ fo”ofo|ky;ksa] laLFkkuksa vkSj egkfo|ky;ksa ds] ftueas bathfu;fjax ;k VSDukykWth 

eas fMxzh ikB~;dze gks] dze”k% okblpkalyjksa] funs”kdksa vkSj fizafliyksa eas ls pkalyj }kjk uketn 

ikap ls vuf/kd O;fDr( 

 

1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 13 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 

2- mi;qZDRk dh /kkkjk 14 }kjk /kkjk 19&d] 19&[k] 19&x rFkk 19&?k c<kbZ xbZA  

 



318 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À          ¿/kkjk 19&[kÀ 

Js.kh&pkj& vkS|ksfxd ;k okf.kfT;d laxBuksa ds izfrfuf/k %& 

¼iUnzg½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk uketn fd;s tkus okys vkS|ksfxd ;k okf.kfT;d laxBuksa ds 

nks izfrfuf/k( 

¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼ckjg½] ¼rsjg½] ¼pkSng½ vkSj ¼iUnzg½ eas fufnZ’V fdlh lnL; dh inkof/k 

rhu o’kZ gksxh] tks mldh uketnxh ds Ik”pkr~ fo|k ifj’kn~ dh izFke cSBd gksus ds fnukad ls izkjEHk gksxhA  

¼4½ dksbZ O;fDr] tks fo|k ifj’kn~ dk lnL; ¼pkgs fuokZpu ;k uketnxh }kjk½ dksbZ in fo”ks’k 

/kkj.k djus ds vk/kkj ij gqvk gks] bl ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh fd mldh inkof/k] ;fn dksbZ gks] lekIr ugha 

gqbZ gS] ,sls in fo”ks’k ij u jg tkus ds dkj.k ,slk lnL; ugha jg tk;sxkA 

19&[k&& fo|k ifj’kn~] bl ,sDV] fu;eksa vkSj jsxqys”kuksa ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, 

%&&  

fo|k ifj’kn~ dh “kfDr 

vkSj drZO; 

¼d½ leLr “kS{kf.kd fo’k;ksa eas lacaf/kr micU/kksa dks jsxqys”ku eas lfEefyr fd;s tkus ds 

fy, flaMhdsV dks laLrqfr djsxh( 

¼[k½ fo”ofo|ky; eas fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds izos”k vkSj fo”ofo|ky; dh ijh{kkvksa dk Ik;Zos{k.k 

vkSj fu;a=.k djsxh( 

¼x½ “kS{kf.kd foHkkx vkSj “kS{kf.kd dsUnzkds ds l̀tu ;k mRlknu ;k vkesyu ;k 

foHkktu ds fy, izLrkoksa ij fopkj djsxh vkSj flafMdsV dks mudh flQkfj”k djsxh( 

¼?k½ fo”ofo|ky; eas fd;s tk jgs ;k fn, tk jgs f”k{k.k] f”k{kk] izf”k{k.k vkSj vuqla/kku 

ds Lrj dk fu;a=.k] fofu;eu vkSj vuqj{k.k djsxh( 

¼³½ v/;;u cksMZ ds dk;Z lapkyu dk leUo;u djsxh vkSj fo”ofo|ky; eas f”k{k.k 

vkSj ijh{kk dh iz.kkyh ds lEcU/k eas muds izLrkoksa dh leh{kk vkSj vuqeksnu djsxh( 

¼p½ ih0,p0Mh0 vH;fFkZ;ksa ds bDtkfeujksa dh flQkfj”kksa dh laoh{kk vkSj mudk 

vuqeksnu djsxh( 

¼N½ v/;kidksa dh la[;k vkSj mudh vgZrkvksa vkSj ,Dtkfeujksa dks nss; Qhl ds lEcU/k 

eas flafMdsV dks lykg nsxh( 

¼t½ vU; fo”ofo|ky;ksa vkSj laLFkkvksa ds izek.k&i=ksa] fMIyksekvksa vkSj fMfxz;ksa dks 

ekU;rk ds lEcU/k eas] tSlk fd fu;eksa vkSj jsxqys”kuksa eas fu/kkZfjr gS] vuqeksnu djsxh( 

¼>½ ,sls fo’k;ksa ij fopkj djsxh vkSj viuh flQkfj”ksa nsxh] tks flusV ;k flafMdsV 

}kjk mldks fufnZ’V fd, tk;a( 

¼¥½ “kS{kf.kd fo’k;ksa ds lEcU/k eas leLr ,sls drZO;kas dk ikyu djsxh] tks bl ,sDV] 

fu;eksa vkSj jsxqys”kuksa ds micU/kksa ds leqfpr dk;kZUo;u ds fy, vko”;d gks( 

¼V½ fo”ofo|ky; dh f”k{k.k i)fr eas lsok;kstd laxBuksa }kjk cnyko dh vis{kkvksa dk 

fu/kkZj.k djus ds fy, muls lEidZ cuk;s j[ksxhA 

 

 

 



319 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À        ¿/kkjk 19x&22À 

 

19&x&& foÙk lfefr eas fuEufyf[kr O;fDr gksaxs( vFkkZr~ %&  foÙk lfefr 

¼d½ okbl&pkalyj( 

¼[k½ izks&okbl&pkalyj] ;fn dksbZ fu;qDr gks( 

¼x½ lfpo] mÙkj izns”k ljdkj] foÙk foHkkx ;k mlds }kjk uketn O;fDr] tks la;qDr 

lfpo Lrj ls de dk u gks( 

¼?k½ lfpo] mÙkj izns”k ljdkj] izkfof/kd f”k{kk foHkkx ;k mlds }kjk uketn O;fDr 

tks la;qDr lfpo Lrj ls de dk u gks( 

¼³½ flafMdsV ds ladYi }kjk uketn fd, tkus okys ikap O;fDr] ftueas ls nks 

flaMhdsV ds lnL;ksa ls fHkUu ,sls O;fDr gksaxs] ftudks f”k{kk vkSj foÙk eas :fp gks( 

¼p½ eq[; ys[kk vf/kdkjh( 

¼N½ jftLVªkjA 

¼2½ [k.M ¼³½ esa fufnZ’V lnL;ksa dh inkof/k rhu o’kZ gksxh] tks mldks uketnxh ds Ik”pkr~ foÙk 

lfefr dh izFke cSBd gksus ds fnukad ls izkjEk gksxh % 

ijUrq dksbZ O;fDr] tks flaMhdsV dk lnL; gksus ds vk/kkj ij lnL; gqvk gks] bl ckr ds gksrs 

gq, Hkh fd mldh inkof/k ;fn dksbZ gks] lekIr ugha gqbZ gS] flaMhdsV dk lnL; u jg tkus ds dkj.k ,slk 

lnL; ugha jg tk;sxkA 

 

19&?k&& foÙk lfefr bl ,sDV] fu;eksa vkSj jsxqys”kuksa ds micu/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, 

fuEufyf[kr “kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx vkSj drZO;ksa dk lEiknu djsxh %&&  

foÙk lfefr dh “kfDr vkSj 

drZO; 

¼d½ fo”ofo|ky; ds okf’kZd ctV dks cukuk vkSj mlds fy, fuf/k dk vkoaVu( 

¼[k½ lgk;rk vuqnku ls fHkUu vfrfjDr vk; ds lzksrksa dks mRiUu djuk( 

¼x½ fo”ofo|ky; fuf/k dk fofu;kstu djus ds fy, fo”ofo|ky; dks lykg nsuk( 

¼?k½ ,sls vU; fo’k;] tks mls flaMhdsV }kjk fufnZ’V fd, tk;a( 

¼2½ foÙk lfefr dh ,slh vU; “kfDr;ka vkSj drZO; gksaxs] tks fu;eksa ds v/khu mls lkSais tk;aAÀ
2 

 

20&& flafMdsV] ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1
 dj Lohdf̀r izkIr djds] bl ,sDV ds iz;kstuksa dks 

dk;kZfUor djus ds fy, fu;e cuk ldrk gSA  

fu;e 

       21&& bl ,sDV vkSj fu;eksa ds vkns”kksa ds v/khu] bl ,sDV vkSj fu;eksa ds iz;kstuksa dks 

dk;kZfUor djus ds fy, flafMdsV dksbZ Hkh jsxqys”ku cuk ldrk gSA 

jsxqqys”ku 

       22&& fo”ofo|ky; ds izR;sd fo|kFkhZ dks ,d gkWLVy eas jguk gksxk ;k ,slh n”kkvksa eas] tks 

jsxqys”kuksa eas] fu/kkZfjr dj nh tk;aA 

fuokl 

 

1- ,MsIVs”ku vkWQ ykWt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfofU”k;y xouZesUV½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA  

2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 14 }kjk /kkjk 19&d] 19&[k] 19&x rFkk 19&?k c<kbZ xbZA 



320 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À          ¿/kkjk 23&28À 

 

23&&  fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk fo”ofo|ky; eas izos”k fu;eksa ;k jsxqys”kuksa ds vuqlkjj fd;k tk;sxkA fo”ofo|ky; ds ikB~;dzeksa 

eas izos”k 

      24&& ijh{kkvkas dks ysus ds lc izcU/k flafMdsV ml <ax ls djsxk] tSlk fd ml ,sDV ;k 

jsxqys”kuksa eas fu/kkZfjr gSA  

ijh{kk,a 

      25&& fo”ofo|ky; dh okf’kZd fjiksVZ flafMdsV ds vkns”kksa ds vuqlkj rS;kj dh tk;xh vkSj 

flusV dks fdlh rkjh[k ;k mlds iwoZ is”k dj nh tk;xh] tks fd fu;eksa ls fu/kkZfjr dh tk;xh 

vkSj flusV ml ij viuh okf’kZd cSBd eas fopkj djsxk vkSj mls la”kks/kuksa lfgr ;k fcuk la”kks/kuksa 

ds] tSlk og mfpr le>s] Lohdkj djsxhA mlds Ik”pkr flafMdsV flusV }kjk Lohdf̀r okf’kZd fjiksVZ 

dks viuh jk; ds lkFk vxj dksbZ gks] ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1
 dks ,slh dkjZokbZ ds fy, Hkst nsxk] tks ¿jkT; 

ljdkjÀ
1 
mfpr le>saA 

okf’kZd fjiksVZ 

      26&& ¼1½ bl ,sDV] fu;eksa rFkk jsxqys”kuksa ds vkns”kksa ds v/khu] okbl& pkalyj] 

fo”ofo|ky; dh tk;nkn dk Bhd&Bkd izcU/k djus vkSj mleas yxs gq, /ku ds fy, mŸkjnk;h 

gksxkA og okf’kZd vuqekuksa vkSj fglkcksa ds uD”ks dks is”k djus dk Hkh mŸkjnk;h gksxkA 

fo”ofo|ky; ds dks’k dk 

fu;a=.k 

¼2½  ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1 
}kjk fu;qDr vkWMhVj fo”ofo|ky; ds fglkcksa dk fujh{k.k djasxs vkSj 

okbl&pkalyj vkSj ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1 
dks Hkh ,d fjiksVZ HkstsaxsA fu;eksa ds vuqlkj ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ

1 
}kjk 

fu;qDr ,d ,dkmUVl vQlj bl ckr ds ns[kus dk mŸkjnk;h gksxk fd lc jdesa] mUgha iz;kstuksa ij O;; 

dh tk jgh gS] ftuds fy, mUgsa fn;k x;k Fkk ;k j[kk x;k Fkk vkSj ;g fd lHkh fglkc Bhd&Bkd j[ks 

tk jgs gSaA 

¼3½  okbl&pkalyj ;k ,slk O;fDr] ftls og bl iz;kstu ds fy, vf/kdkj ns ns] izR;sd Bsds ij 

gLrk{kj djsxkA 

 

     27&& ;wfuoflZVh ds okf’kZd fglkc flafMdsV ds vkns”kkuqlkj cuk;s tk;saxs vkSj vko”;d 

dk;Zokgh ds fy, ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1 
ds ikl Hkst fn;s tk;saxsA 

 

okf’kZd fglkc 

     ¿28&&  mÙkj izns”k :M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1997 ds izkjEHk gksus ij &&  ladze.kdkyhu micU/k  

¼,d½ jkT; ljdkj] ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz fdUrq ,sls izkjEHk ls ,d o’kZ ds Ik”pkr~ ugha /kkjk 

19&d ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj fo|k ifj’kn~ ds xBu ds fy, dk;Zokgh djsxh vkSj tc fo|k 

ifj’kn~ dk bl izdkj xBu u gks tk;] rc rd fo|k ifj’kn~ ds dR̀;ksa dk ikyu flaMhdsV }kjk 

fd;k tk;sxk( 

¼nks½ flusV ds lnL; ¼muls fHkUUk] tks fo”ofo|ky; ds vQlj ;k vkthou lnL; gksa½ 

,sls lnL; ds :Ik eas in ij ugha jgsaxs vkSj jkT; ljdkj ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz fdUrq ,sls izkjEHk ls 

,d o’kZ ds Ik”pkr~ ugha /kkjk 16 ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj flusV ds iquxZBu ds fy, dk;Zokgh 

djsxh vkSj tc rd ,slk iquxZBu u gks tk;] rc rd flusV ds insu lnL;] vkthou lnL; 

vkSj flaMhdsV ds ,sls lnL; gksaxs] tks [k.M ¼rhu½ ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk uketn fd, x, 

gksa( 

 

 

1- ,MsIVs”ku vkWQ ykWt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfofU”k;y xouZesUV½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA  

 



321 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À        ¿/kkjk 29&31À 

 

¼rhu½ okbl&pkalyj vkSj izks&okbl&pkalyj ls fHkUu flaMhdsV ds lnL;] ,sls lnL; 

ds :Ik eas in ij ugha jgsaxs vkSj jkT; ljdkj] ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz] fdUrq ,sls izkjEHk ls ,d o’kZ ds 

Ik”pkr~ ugha] /kkjk 18 ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj flaMhdsV ds iquxZBu ds fy, dk;Zokgh djsxh vkSj 

tc rd ,slk iquxZBu u gks tk; rc rd flaMhdsV eas okbl&pklayj] izks&okbl&pkalyj Nk= 

dY;k.k dk ladk;k/;{k] lfpo] mÙkj izns”k ljdkj] izkfof/kd f”k{kk foHkkx vkSj ,sls lnL; gksaxs] 

tks /kkjk 18 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼x½] ¼³½] ¼p½] ¼N½ vkSj ¼t½ eas fufnZ’V Js.kh dk izfrfuf/kRo 

djus ds fy, jkT; ljdkj }kjk uketn fd, x, gksaA  

     29&& ¼1½ pkalyj ds flok;] fo”ofo|ky; dk dksbZ vQlj] fo”ofo|ky; ds fdlh /ku ;k 

lEifÙk dh gkfu] nqO;Z; ;k nq#i;ksx ds vf/kHkkj dk nsunkj gksxk] ;fn ,slh gkfu] nqO;Z; ;k 

nq#i;kstu ,sls vQlj ds :Ik eas dk;Z djrs gq, mlds mis{kk ;k dnkpj.k dk izR;{k ifj.kke gksA  

vf/kHkkj  

 

 ¼2½ vf/kHkkj dh izfdz;k vkSj ,slh gkfu] nqO;Z; dk nq#i;kstu eas vUrxzZLr /kugkfu dh olwyh dh 

jhfr ,slh gksxh] tSlh jkT; ljdkj }kjk vf/klwfpr vkns”k }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh tk;AÀ
2
 

     30&& izFke okbl&pkalyj] izFke izks&okbl&pkalyj vkSj izFke jftLVªkj rFkk izFke flafMdsV 

dh fu;qfDr gksrs gh ;g le>k tk;xk fd ;wfuoflZVh oS/kkfud :Ik ls LFkkfir gks xbZ gSA ml le; 

rd tc rd fd flusV dh LFkkiuk u gks tk;] flusV ds dk;Z ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ
1 
}kjk fd;s tk;saxsA  

     Li’Vhdj.k& bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, izFke flafMdsV ds lEcU/k eas ;g le>k tk;sxk fd 

mldks fu;qfDr fcuk mu pkj lnL;ksa ds] ftudk fuokZpu flusV djrk] ,sls le; rd ds fy, ,sls 

fu;fer :Ik ls gks xbZ gS] tc rd fd flussV mudk ¼lnL;ksa½ fuokZpu u djsA 

;wfuoflZVh dk izFke 

fo/kku 

     ¿31&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds dk;kZUo;u eas dksbZ dfBukbZ mRiUu gksrh gS rks 

jkT; ljdkj] mÙkj izns”k :M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1997 ds izkjEHk gksus ls nks o’kZ 

dh vof/k ds Hkhrj] vf/klwfpr vkns”k }kjk ,sls micU/k dj ldrh gS] tks vf/kfu;e] 1997 }kjk 

;Fkkla”kksf/kr bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ls vlaxr eas gks vkSj tks ml dfBukbZ dks nwj djus ds fy, 

vko”;d ;k lehphu izrhr gksA  

dfBukb;ksa dks nwj djus 

dh “kfDr 

 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn;k x;k izR;sd vkns”k jkT; fo/kku e.My ds nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k 

;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz j[kk tk;sxk vkSj mÙkj izns”k lk/kkj.k [k.M vf/kfu;e] 1904 dh /kkjk 23&d dh mi/kkjk 

¼1½ ds micU/k mlh izdkj ykxw gksaxs] ftl izdkj os mÙkj izns”k ds fdlh vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj 

}kjk cuk, x, fu;eksa ds lEcU/k eas ykxw gksrs gSaAÀ
3 

 

 

 

 

1- ,MsIVs”ku vkWQ ykWt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfofU”k;y xouZesUV½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA  

2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 15 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 

3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 16 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA   

 

 

 

 



322 

 

¿:M+dh fo”ofo|ky; ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À        ¿/kkjk 32&34À 

 

      32&& ¿flusV] flafMdsV foÙk lfefr ;k fo|k ifj’kn~À
1
 ds fdlh dk;Z vFkok dk;Zokgh dks 

dsoy bl dkj.k ds vk/kkj ij voS/k ?kksf’kr u fd;k tk;xk fd mlds esEcjksa dh dksbZ txg [kkyh 

gSA  

flafMdsV vFkok flusV ds 

dk;kZsa dks oS/k ?kksf’kr fd;k 

tkuk 

      33&& ;fn dksbZ ,slk iz”u mBs fd dksbZ O;fDr fu;fer :Ik ls ;wfuoflZVh dk dksbZ lnL; 

vFkok vf/kdkjh pquk vFkok fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS vFkok ugha ;k pqus tkus dk vf/kdkjh gS ;k ugha 

rks ;g ekeyk okbl&pkalyj ds lqiqnZ fd;k tk;xk vkSj bl lEcU/k eas mldk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxkA  

 

ekeys] tks pkalyj ds 

gokys fd;s tk;saxs 

      34&& ;wfuoflZVh ds izR;sd oSrfud vQlj vkSj f”k{kd dh fu;qfDr ,d fyf[kr le>kSrs 

}kjk dh tk;xhA ;g fyf[kr le>kSrk ;wfuoflZVh ds jftLVªkj ds ikl tek jgsxk vkSj mldh ,d 

izfrfyfi lEcfU/kr vQlj vFkok f”k{kd dks ns nh tk;xhA dksbZ >xM+k] tks le>kSrs ds lEcU/k eas 

;wfuoflZVh vkSj ;wfuoflZVh ds fdlh lEcfU/kr vQlj ;k f”k{k ds chp eas mBs rks og lEcfU/kr 

vQlj ;k f”k{kd dh izkFkZuk ij iapksa ds d, fVªC;wuy ds gokys dj fn;k tk;sxk] ftleas ,d 

lnL; flafMdsV }kjk fu;qDr fd;k tk;xk] ,d lnL; lEcfU/kr vQlj vFkok f”k{kd }kjk uketn 

fd;k tk;xk vkSj ,d ljiap pkalyj }kjk fu;qDr fd;k tk;xkA fVªC;wuy dk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxk 

vkSj fVªC;wuy }kjk fn;s x;s fu.kZ; ds lEcU/k eas fdlh vknkyr eas dksbZ eqdnek ugha pysxkA ,slh 

izR;sd izkFkZuk ds lEcU/k eas ;g le>k tk;xk fd og vkfVZVsª”ku ,sDV] lu~ 1940 bZ0 ds iz;kstuksa ds 

vUrxZr iapksa ds ikl Hksth xbZ gS vkSj rn~uqlkj bu ,sDV ds lkjs vkns”k ykxw gksaxsA  

vQljksa vkSj f”k{kdksa dh 

fu;qfDr ds lEcU/k eas 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 17 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA