The Pre- Conception and Pre- Natal Diagnostic Techniques(Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994

English — official source version

199457eng.pdf.txt

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THE PRE-CONCEPTION AND PRE-NATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES (PROHIBITION 

OF SEX SELECTION) ACT, 1994 

_______________ 

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 

_______________ 

CHAPTER I 

PRELIMINARY 

SECTIONS 

1. Short title, extent and commencement. 

2. Definitions. 

CHAPTER II 

REGULATION OF GENETIC COUNSELLING CENTRES, GENETIC LABORATORIES AND GENETIC 

CLINICS 

3. Regulation of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories and Genetic Clinics. 

3A. Prohibition of sex selection. 

3B. Prohibition on sale of ultrasound machine, etc., to persons, laboratories, etc., not registered under 

the Act. 

CHAPTER III 

REGULATION OF PRE-NATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES 

4. Regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques. 

5. Written consent of pregnant woman and prohibition of communicating the sex of foetus. 

6. Determination of sex prohibited. 

CHAPTER IV 

CENTRAL SUPERVISORY BOARD 

7. Constitution of Central Supervisory Board. 

8. Term of office of members. 

9. Meetings of the Board. 

10. Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings of the Board. 

11. Temporary association of persons with the Board for particular purposes. 

12. Appointment of officers and other employees of the Board. 

13. Authentication of orders and other instruments of the Board. 

14. Disqualifications for appointment as member. 

15. Eligibility of member for reappointment. 

16. Functions of the Board. 

16A. Constitution of State Supervisory Board and Union territory Supervisory Board. 

CHAPTER V 

APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY AND ADVISORY COMMITTEE 

17. Appropriate Authority and Advisory Committee. 

17A. Powers of Appropriate Authorities. 

CHAPTER VI 

REGISTRATION OF GENETIC COUNSELLING CENTRES, GENETIC LABORATORIES AND GENETIC 

CLINICS 

18. Registration of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories or Genetic Clinics. 

19. Certificate of registration. 



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SECTIONS 

20. Cancellation or suspension of registration. 

21. Appeal. 

CHAPTER VII 

OFFENCES AND PENALTIES 

22. Prohibition of advertisement relating to pre-conception and pre-natal determination of sex and 

punishment for contravention. 

23. Offences and penalties. 

24. Presumption in the case of conduct of pre-natal diagnostic techniques. 

25. Penalty for contravention of the provisions of the Act or rules for which no specific punishment is 

provided. 

26. Offences by companies. 

27. Offence to be cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable. 

28. Cognizance of offences. 

CHAPTER VIII 

MISCELLANEOUS 

29. Maintenance of records. 

30. Power to search and seize records, etc. 

31. Protection of action taken in good faith. 

31A. Removal of difficulties. 

32. Power to make rules. 

33. Power to make regulations. 

34. Rules and regulations to be laid before Parliament.  



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2
[THE PRE-CONCEPTION AND PRE-NATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES 

(PROHIBITION OF SEX SELECTION)] ACT, 1994 

ACT NO. 57 OF 1994 

[20th September, 1994.] 
1
[An Act to provide for the prohibition of sex selection, before or after conception, and for 

regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques for the purposes of detecting genetic 

abnormalities or metabolic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities or certain congenital 

malformations or sex-linked disorders and for the prevention of their misuse for sex 

determination leading to female foeticide and for matters connected therewith or incidental 

thereto.] 

BE it enacted by Parliament in the Forty-fifth Year of the Republic of India as follows:— 

CHAPTER I 

PRELIMINARY 

1. Short title, extent and commencement.—(1) This Act may be called 
2
[the Pre-conception and 

Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection)] Act, 1994. 

(2) It shall extend to the whole of India 
3
***. 

(3) It shall come into force on such date
4
 as the Central Government may, by notification in the 

Official Gazette, appoint. 

2. Definitions.—In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,— 

(a) “Appropriate Authority” means the Appropriate Authority appointed under section 17; 

(b) “Board” means the Central Supervisory Board constituted under section 7; 
5
[(ba) “conceptus” means any product of conception at any stage of development from 

fertilisation until birth including extra embryonic membranes as well as the embryo or foetus; 

(bb) “embryo” means a developing human organism after fertilisation till the end of eight weeks 

(fifty-six days); 

(bc) “foetus” means a human organism during the period of its development beginning on the 

fifty-seventh day following fertilisation or creation (excluding any time in which its development has 

been suspended) and ending at the birth;] 

(c) “Genetic Counselling Centre” means an institute, hospital, nursing home or any place, by 

whatever name called, which provides for genetic counselling to patients; 

(d) “Genetic Clinic” means a clinic, institute, hospital, nursing home or any place, by whatever 

name called, which is used for conducting pre-natal diagnostic procedures. 
6
[Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “Genetic Clinic” includes a vehicle, where 

ultrasound machine or imaging machine or scanner or other equipment capable of determining sex of 

the foetus or a portable equipment which has the potential for detection of sex during pregnancy or 

selection of sex before conception, is used;] 

(e) “Genetic Laboratory” means a laboratory and includes a place where facilities are provided 

for conducting analysis or tests of samples received from Genetic Clinic for pre-natal diagnostic test. 
6
[Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “Genetic Laboratory” includes a place where 

ultrasound machine or imaging machine or scanner or other equipment capable of determining sex of 

the foetus or a portable equipment which has the potential for detection of sex during pregnancy or 

selection of sex before conception, is used;] 

                                                           
1. Subs. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 2, for the long title (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 

2. Subs. by s. 3, ibid., for “the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse)” (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
3. The words “except the State of Jammu and Kashmir” omitted by Act 34 of 2019, s. 95 and the Fifth Schedule  

(w.e.f. 31-10-2019). 

4. 1st January, 1996, vide notification No. S.O. 990, dated 21st December, 1995, see Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II,   

sec. 3(ii). 
5. Ins. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 4 (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
6. Added by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 

http://indiankanoon.org/doc/360893/
http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1840904/


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(f) “gynaecologist” means a person who possesses a post-graduate qualification in gynaecology 

and obstetrics; 

1
[(g) “medical geneticist” includes a person who possesses a degree or diploma in genetic science 

in the fields of sex selection and pre-natal diagnostic techniques or has experience of not less than two 

years in any of these fields after obtaining— 

(i) any one of the medical qualifications recognised under the Indian Medical Council Act, 

1956 (102 of 1956); or 

(ii) a post-graduate degree in biological sciences;] 

(h) “paediatrician” means a person who possesses a post-graduate qualification in paediatrics; 

2
[(i) “pre-natal diagnostic procedures” means all gynaecological or obstetrical or medical 

procedures such as ultrasonography, foetoscopy, taking or removing samples of amniotic fluid, 

chorionic villi, embryo, blood or any other tissue or fluid of a man, or of a woman before or after 

conception, for being sent to a Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic for conducting any type of 

analysis or pre-natal diagnostic tests for selection of sex before or after conception;] 

(j) “pre-natal diagnostic techniques” includes all pre-natal diagnostic procedures and pre-natal 

diagnostic tests; 

3
[(k) “pre-natal diagnostic test” means ultrasonography or any test or analysis of amniotic fluid, 

chorionic villi, blood or any tissue or fluid of a pregnant woman or conceptus conducted to detect 

genetic or metabolic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities or congenital anomalies or 

haemoglobinopathies or sex- linked diseases;] 

(l) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act; 

(m) “registered medical practitioner” means a medical practitioner who possesses any recognised 

medical qualification as defined in clause (h) of section 2 of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 

(102 of 1956), and whose name has been entered in a State Medical Register; 

(n) “regulations” means regulations framed by the Board under this Act; 

4
[(o) “sex selection” includes any procedure, technique, test or administration or prescription or 

provision of anything for the purpose of ensuring or increasing the probability that an embryo will be 

of a particular sex; 

(p) “sonologist or imaging specialist” means a person who possesses any one of the medical 

qualifications recognised under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 (102 of 1956) or who possesses 

a post-graduate qualification in ultrasonography or imaging techniques or radiology; 

(q) “State Board” means a State Supervisory Board or a Union territory Supervisory Board 

constituted under section 16A; 

(r) “State Government” in relation to Union territory with Legislature means the Administrator of 

that Union territory appointed by the President under article 239 of the Constitution.] 

CHAPTER II 

REGULATION OF GENETIC COUNSELLING CENTRES, GENETIC LABORATORIES AND GENETIC CLINICS 

3. Regulation of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories and Genetic Clinics.—On 

and from the commencement of this Act,— 

(1) no Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic unless registered under 

this Act, shall conduct or associate with, or help in, conducting activities relating to pre-natal 

diagnostic techniques; 

                                                           
1. Subs. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 4, for clause (g) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
2. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., for clause (i) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
3. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., for clause (k) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
4. Ins. by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 

http://indiankanoon.org/doc/710451/
http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1691257/


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1
[(2) no Genetic Counselling Centre or Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic shall employ or 

cause to be employed or take services of any person, whether on honorary basis or on payment who 

does not possess the qualifications as may be prescribed;] 

 (3) no medical geneticist, gynaecologist paediatrician registered medical practitioner or any other 

person shall conduct or cause to be conducted or aid in conducting by himself or through any other 

person, any pre-natal diagnostic techniques at a place other than a place registered under this Act. 

2
[3A. Prohibition of sex selection.—No person, including a specialist or a team of specialists in the 

field of infertility, shall conduct or cause to be conducted or aid in conducting by himself or by any other 

person, sex selection on a woman or a man or on both or on any tissue, embryo, conceptus, fluid or 

gametes derived from either or both of them. 

3B. Prohibition on sale of ultrasound machine, etc., to persons, laboratories, clinics, etc., not 

registered under the Act.—No person shall sell any ultrasound machine or imaging machine or scanner 

or any other equipment capable of detecting sex of the foetus to any Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic 

Laboratory, Genetic Clinic or any other person not registered under the Act.] 

CHAPTER III 

REGULATION OF PRE-NATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES 

4. Regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques.—On and from the commencement of this Act,— 

(1) no place including a registered Genetic Counselling Centre or Genetic Laboratory or Genetic 

Clinic shall be used or caused to be used by any person for conducting pre-natal diagnostic techniques 

except for the purposes specified in clause (2) and after satisfying any of the conditions specified in 

clause (3); 

(2) no pre-natal diagnostic techniques shall be conducted except for the purposes of detection of 

any of the following abnormalities, namely:— 

(i) chromosomal abnormalities; 

(ii) genetic metabolic diseases; 

(iii) haemoglobinopathies; 

(iv) sex-linked genetic diseases; 

(v) congenital anomalies; 

(vi) any other abnormalities or diseases as may be specified by the Central Supervisory 

Board; 

3
[(3) no pre-natal diagnostic techniques shall be used or conducted unless the person qualified to 

do so is satisfied for reasons to be recorded in writing that any of the following conditions are 

fulfilled, namely:— 

(i) age of the pregnant woman is above thirty-five years; 

(ii) the pregnant woman has undergone two or more spontaneous abortions or foetal loss; 

(iii) the pregnant woman had been exposed to potentially teratogenic agents such as drugs, 

radiation, infection or chemicals; 

(iv) the pregnant woman or her spouse has a family history of mental retardation or physical 

deformities such as, spasticity or any other genetic disease; 

(v) any other condition as may be specified by the Board: 

Provided that the person conducting ultrasonography on a pregnant woman shall keep complete 

record thereof in the clinic in such manner, as may be prescribed, and any deficiency or inaccuracy 

                                                           
1. Subs. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 5, for clause (2) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
2. Ins. by s. 6, ibid. (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
3. Subs. by s. 7, ibid., for clauses (3) and (4) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 



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found therein shall amount to contravention of the provisions of section 5 or section 6 unless contrary 

is proved by the person conducting such ultrasonography; 

(4) no person including a relative or husband of the pregnant woman shall seek or encourage the 

conduct of any pre-natal diagnostic techniques on her except for the purposes specified in clause (2); 

(5) no person including a relative or husband of a woman shall seek or encourage the conduct of 

any sex selection technique on her or him or both.] 

5. Written consent of pregnant woman and prohibition of communicating the sex of foetus.—(1) 

No person referred to in clause (2) of section 3 shall conduct the pre-natal diagnostic procedures unless— 

(a) he has explained all known side and after effects of such procedures to the pregnant woman 

concerned; 

(b) he has obtained in the prescribed form her written consent to undergo such procedures in the 

language which she understands; and 

(c) a copy of her written consent obtained under clause (b) is given to the pregnant woman. 

1
[(2) No person including the person conducting pre-natal diagnostic procedures shall communicate 

to the pregnant woman concerned or her relatives or any other person the sex of the foetus by words, 

signs, or in any other manner.] 

6. Determination of sex prohibited.—On and from the commencement of this Act,— 

(a) no Genetic Counselling Centre or Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic shall conduct or cause 

to be conducted in its Centre, Laboratory or Clinic, pre-natal diagnostic techniques including 

ultrasonography, for the purpose of determining the sex of a foetus; 

(b) no person shall conduct or cause to be conducted any pre-natal diagnostic techniques 

including ultrasonography for the purpose of determining the sex of a foetus; 

2
[(c) no person shall, by whatever means, cause or allow to be caused selection of sex before or 

after conception.] 

CHAPTER IV 

CENTRAL SUPERVISORY BOARD 

7. Constitution of Central Supervisory Board.—(1) The Central Government shall constitute a 

Board to be known as the Central Supervisory Board to exercise the powers and perform the functions 

conferred on the Board under this Act. 

(2) The Board shall consist of— 

(a) the Minister in charge of the Ministry or Department of Family Welfare, who shall be the 

Chairman, ex officio; 

(b) the Secretary to the Government of India in charge of the Department of Family Welfare, who 

shall be the Vice-Chairman, ex officio; 
3
[(c) three members to be appointed by the Central Government to represent the Ministries of 

Central Government in charge of Women and Child Development, Department of Legal Affairs or 

Legislative Department in the Ministry of Law and Justice, and Indian System of Medicine and 

Homoeopathy, ex officio;] 

 (d) the Director General of Health Services of the Central Government, ex officio; 

(e) ten members to be appointed by the Central Government, two each from amongst— 

(i) eminent medical geneticists; 
4
[(ii) eminent gynaecologist and obstetrician or expert of stri-roga or prasuti-tantra.] 

                                                           
1. Subs. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 8, for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
2. Ins. by s. 9, ibid. (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
3. Subs. by s. 10, ibid., for clause (c) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
4. Subs. by s. 10, ibid., for sub-clause (ii) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 



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 (iii) eminent paediatricians; 

(iv) eminent social scientists; and 

(v) representatives of women welfare organisations; 

(f) three women Members of Parliament, of whom two shall be elected by the House of the 

People and one by the Council of States; 

(g) four members to be appointed by the Central Government by rotation to represent the States 

and the Union territories, two in the alphabetical order and two in the reverse alphabetical order: 

Provided that no appointment under this clause shall be made except on the recommendation of 

the State Government or, as the case may be, the Union territory; 

(h) an officer, not below the rank of a Joint Secretary or equivalent of the Central Government, in 

charge of Family Welfare, who shall be the Member-Secretary, ex officio. 

8. Term of office of members.—(1) The term of office of a member, other than an ex officio 

member, shall be,— 

(a) in case of appointment under clause (e) or clause (f) of sub-section (2) of section 7, three 

years: 
1
*** 

2
[Provided that the term of office of a member elected under clause (f) of sub-section (2) of 

section 7 shall come to an end as soon as the member becomes a Minister or Minister of State or 

Deputy Minister, or the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People, or the Deputy 

Chairman of the Council of States or ceases to be a member of the House from which she was 

elected; and] 

(b) in case of appointment under clause (g) of the said sub-section, one year. 

(2) If a casual vacancy occurs in the office of any other members, whether by reason of his death, 

resignation or inability to discharge his functions owing to illness or other incapacity, such vacancy shall 

be filled by the Central Government by making a fresh appointment and the member so appointed shall 

hold office for the remainder of the term of office of the person in whose place he is so appointed. 

(3) The Vice-Chairman shall perform such functions as may be assigned to him by the Chairman 

from time to time. 

(4) The procedure to be followed by the members in the discharge of their functions shall be such as 

may be prescribed. 

9. Meetings of the Board.—(1) The Board shall meet at such time and place, and shall observe such 

rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its meetings (including the quorum at such 

meetings) as may be provided by regulations: 

Provided that the Board shall meet at least once in six months. 

(2) The Chairman and in his absence the Vice-Chairman shall preside at the meetings of the Board. 

(3) If for any reason the Chairman or the Vice-Chairman is unable to attend any meeting of the Board, 

any other member chosen by the members present at the meeting shall preside at the meeting. 

(4) All questions which come up before any meeting of the Board shall be decided by a majority of 

the votes of the members present and voting, and in the event of an equality of votes, the Chairman, or in 

his absence, the person presiding, shall have and exercise a second or casting vote. 

(5) Members other than ex officio members shall receive such allowances, if any, from the Board as 

may be prescribed. 

10. Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings of the Board.—No act or proceeding of the 

Board shall be invalid merely by reason of— 

(a) any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of, the Board; or 

(b) any defect in the appointment of a person acting as a member of the Board; or 

                                                           
1. The word “and” omitted by Act 32 of 2001, s. 2 (w.e.f. 3-9-2001). 

2. Ins. by s. 2, ibid. (w.e.f. 3-9-2001). 



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(c) any irregularity in the procedure of the Board not affecting the merits of the case. 

11. Temporary association of persons with the Board for particular purposes.—(1) The Board 

may associate with itself, in such manner and for such purposes as may be determined by regulations, any 

person whose assistance or advice it may desire in carrying out any of the provisions of this Act. 

(2) A person associated with it by the Board under sub-section (1) for any purpose shall have a right 

to take part in the discussions relevant to that purpose, but shall not have a right to vote at a meeting of 

the Board and shall not be a member for any other purpose. 

12. Appointment of officers and other employees of the Board.—(1) For the purpose of enabling it 

efficiently to discharge its functions under this Act, the Board may, subject to such regulations as may be 

made in this behalf, appoint (whether on deputation or otherwise) such number of officers and other 

employees as it may consider necessary: 

Provided that the appointment of such category of officers, as may be specified in such regulations, 

shall be subject to the approval of the Central Government. 

(2) Every officer or other employee appointed by the Board shall be subject to such conditions of 

service and shall be entitled to such remuneration as may be specified in the regulations. 

13. Authentication of orders and other instruments of the Board.—All orders and decisions of the 

Board shall be authenticated by the signature of the Chairman or any other member authorised by the 

Board in this behalf, and all other instruments issued by the Board shall be authenticated by the signature 

of the Member-Secretary or any other officer of the Board authorised in like manner in this behalf. 

14. Disqualifications for appointment as member.—A person shall be disqualified for being 

appointed as a member if, he— 

(a) has been convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for an offence which, in the opinion of the 

Central Government, involves moral turpitude; or 

(b) is an undischarged insolvent; or 

(c) is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court; or 

(d) has been removed or dismissed from the service of the Government or a Corporation owned 

or controlled by the Government; or 

(e) has, in the opinion of the Central Government, such financial or other interest in the Board as 

is likely to affect prejudicially the discharge by him of his functions as a member; or 

1
[(f) has, in the opinion of the Central Government, been associated with the use or promotion of 

pre-natal diagnostic technique for determination of sex or with any sex selection technique.] 

15. Eligibility of member for reappointment.—Subject to the other terms and conditions of service 

as may be prescribed, any person ceasing to be a member shall be eligible for reappointment as such 

member: 

2
[Provided that no member other than an ex officio member shall be appointed for more than two 

consecutive terms.] 

3
[16. Functions of the Board.—The Board shall have the following functions, namely:— 

(i) to advise the Central Government on policy matters relating to use of pre-natal diagnostic 

techniques, sex selection techniques and against their misuse; 

(ii) to review and monitor implementation of the Act and rules made thereunder and recommend 

to the Central Government changes in the said Act and rules; 

(iii) to create public awareness against the practice of pre-conception sex selection and pre-natal 

determination of sex of foetus leading to female foeticide; 

                                                           
1. Subs. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 11, for clause (f) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
2. Ins. by s. 12, ibid. (w.e.f. 3-9-2001). 
3. Subs. by s. 13, ibid., for section 16 (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 



9 
 

(iv) to lay down code of conduct to be observed by persons working at Genetic Counselling 

Centres, Genetic Laboratories and Genetic Clinics; 

(v) to oversee the performance of various bodies constituted under the Act and take appropriate 

steps to ensure its proper and effective implementation; 

(vi) any other functions as may be prescribed under the Act.] 

1
[16A. Constitution of State Supervisory Board and Union territory Supervisory              

Board.—(1) Each State and Union territory having Legislature shall constitute a Board to be known as 

the State Supervisory Board or the Union territory Supervisory Board, as the case may be, which shall 

have the following functions:— 

(i) to create public awareness against the practice of pre-conception sex selection and pre-natal 

determination of sex of the foetus leading to female foeticide in the State; 

(ii) to review the activities of the Appropriate Authorities functioning in the State and recommend 

appropriate action against them; 

(iii) to monitor the implementation of provisions of the Act and the rules and make suitable 

recommendations relating thereto, to the Board; 

(iv) to send such consolidated reports as may be prescribed in respect of the various activities 

undertaken in the State under the Act to the Board and the Central Government; and 

(v) any other functions as may be prescribed under the Act. 

(2) The State Board shall consist of,— 

(a) the Minister in charge of Health and Family Welfare in the State, who shall be the 

Chairperson, ex officio; 

(b) Secretary in charge of the Department of Health and Family Welfare who shall be the      

Vice-Chairperson, ex officio; 

(c) Secretaries or Commissioners in charge of Departments of Women and Child Development, 

Social Welfare, Law and Indian System of Medicines and Homoeopathy, ex officio, or their 

representatives; 

(d) Director of Health and Family Welfare or Indian System of Medicines and Homoeopathy of 

the State Government, ex officio; 

(e) three women members of Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council; 

(f) ten members to be appointed by the State Government out of which two each shall be from the 

following categories,— 

(i) eminent social scientists and legal experts; 

(ii) eminent women activists from non- governmental organisations or otherwise; 

(iii) eminent gynaecologists and obstetricians or experts of stri-roga or prasuti-tantra; 

(iv) eminent paediatricians or medical geneticists; 

(v) eminent radiologists or sonologists; 

(g) an officer not below the rank of Joint Director in charge of Family Welfare, who shall be the 

Member Secretary, ex officio. 

(3) The State Board shall meet at least once in four months. 

(4) The term of office of a member, other than an ex officio member, shall be three years. 

(5) If a vacancy occurs in the office of any member other than an ex officio member, it shall be filled 

by making fresh appointment. 

                                                           
1. Ins. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 14 (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 



10 
 

(6) If a member of the Legislative Assembly or member of the Legislative Council who is a member 

of the State Board, becomes Minister or Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or 

Chairperson or Deputy Chairperson of the Legislative Council, she shall cease to be a member of the 

State Board. 

(7) One-third of the total number of members of the State Board shall constitute the quorum. 

(8) The State Board may co-opt a member as and when required, provided that the number of           

co-opted members does not exceed one-third of the total strength of the State Board. 

(9) The co-opted members shall have the same powers and functions as other members, except the 

right to vote and shall abide by the rules and regulations. 

(10) In respect of matters not specified in this section, the State Board shall follow procedures and 

conditions as are applicable to the Board.] 

CHAPTER V 

APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY AND ADVISORY COMMITTEE 

17. Appropriate Authority and Advisory Committee.—(1) The Central Government shall appoint, 

by notification in the Official Gazette, one or more Appropriate Authorities for each of the Union 

territories for the purposes of this Act. 

(2) The State Government shall appoint, by notification in the Official Gazette, one or more 

Appropriate Authorities for the whole or part of the State for the purposes of this Act having regard to the 

intensity of the problem of pre-natal sex determination leading to female foeticide. 

(3) The officers appointed as Appropriate Authorities under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall 

be,— 

1
[(a) when appointed for the whole of the State or the Union territory, consisting of the following 

three members— 

(i) an officer of or above the rank of the Joint Director of Health and Family                   

Welfare—Chairperson; 

(ii) an eminent woman representing women’s organisation; and 

(iii) an officer of Law Department of the State or the Union territory concerned: 

Provided that it shall be the duty of the State or the Union territory concerned to constitute   

multi-member State or Union territory level Appropriate Authority within three months of the coming 

into force of the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Amendment 

Act, 2002 (14 of 2003): 

Provided further that any vacancy occurring therein shall be filled within three months of the 

occurrence.] 

 (b) when appointed for any part of the State or the Union territory, of such other rank as the State 

Government or the Central Government, as the case may be, may deem fit. 

(4) The Appropriate Authority shall have the following functions, namely:— 

(a) to grant, suspend or cancel registration of a Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory 

or Genetic Clinic; 

(b) to enforce standards prescribed for the Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory and 

Genetic Clinic; 

(c) to investigate complaints of breach of the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder 

and take immediate action; and 

(d) to seek and consider the advice of the Advisory Committee, constituted under sub-section (5), 

on application for registration and on complaints for suspension or cancellation of registration; 

                                                           
1. Subs. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 15, for clause (a) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 



11 
 

1
[(e) to take appropriate legal action against the use of any sex selection technique by any person 

at any place, suo motu or brought to its notice and also to initiate independent investigations in such 

matter; 

(f) to create public awareness against the practice of sex selection or pre-natal determination of 

sex; 

(g) to supervise the implementation of the provisions of the Act and rules; 

(h) to recommend to the Board and State Boards modifications required in the rules in accordance 

with changes in technology or social conditions; 

(i) to take action on the recommendations of the Advisory Committee made after investigation of 

complaint for suspension or cancellation of registration.] 

(5) The Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, shall constitute an 

Advisory Committee for each Appropriate Authority to aid and advise the Appropriate Authority in the 

discharge of its functions, and shall appoint one of the members of the Advisory Committee to be its 

Chairman. 

(6) The Advisory Committee shall consist of— 

(a) three medical experts from amongst gynaecologists, obstericians, paediatricians and medical 

geneticists; 

(b) one legal expert; 

(c) one officer to represent the department dealing with information and publicity of the State 

Government or the Union territory, as the case may be; 

(d) three eminent social workers of whom not less than one shall be from amongst representatives 

of women’s organisations. 

2
[(7) No person who has been associated with the use or promotion of pre-natal diagnostic techniques 

for determination of sex or sex selection shall be appointed as a member of the Advisory Committee.] 

 (8) The Advisory Committee may meet as and when it thinks fit or on the request of the Appropriate 

Authority for consideration of any application for registration or any complaint for suspension or 

cancellation of registration and to give advice thereon: 

Provided that the period intervening between any two meetings shall not exceed the prescribed 

period. 

(9) The terms and conditions subject to which a person may be appointed to the Advisory Committee 

and the procedure to be followed by such Committee in the discharge of its functions shall be such as may 

be prescribed. 

3
[17A. Powers of Appropriate Authorities.—The Appropriate Authority shall have the powers in 

respect of the following matters, namely:— 

(a) summoning of any person who is in possession of any information relating to violation of the 

provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder; 

(b) production of any document or material object relating to clause (a); 

(c) issuing search warrant for any place suspected to be indulging in sex selection techniques or     

pre-natal sex determination; and 

(d) any other matter which may be prescribed.] 

 

 

  

                                                           
1. Ins. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 15 (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
2. Subs. by s. 15, ibid., for sub-section (7) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
3. Ins. by s. 16, ibid. (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 



12 
 

CHAPTER VI 

REGISTRATION OF GENETIC COUNSELLING CENTRES, GENETIC LABORATORIES AND GENETIC CLINICS 

18. Registration of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories or Genetic                 

Clinics.—
1
[(1) No person shall open any Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic 

Clinic, including clinic, laboratory or centre having ultrasound or imaging machine or scanner or any 

other technology capable of undertaking determination of sex of foetus and sex selection, or render 

services to any of them, after the commencement of the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and 

Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2002 (14 of 2003) unless such Centre, Laboratory or Clinic is 

duly registered under the Act.] 

 (2) Every application for registration under sub-section (1), shall be made to the Appropriate 

Authority in such form and in such manner and shall be accompanied by such fees as may be prescribed. 

(3) Every Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic engaged, either partly or 

exclusively, in counselling or conducting pre-natal diagnostic techniques for any of the purposes 

mentioned in section 4, immediately before the commencement of this Act, shall apply for registration 

within sixty days from the date of such commencement. 

(4) Subject to the provisions of section 6, every Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or 

Genetic Clinic engaged in counselling or conducting pre-natal diagnostic techniques shall cease to 

conduct any such counselling or technique on the expiry of six months from the date of commencement 

of this Act unless such Centre, Laboratory or Clinic has applied for registration and is so registered 

separately or jointly or till such application is disposed of, whichever is earlier. 

(5) No Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic shall be registered under 

this Act unless the Appropriate Authority is satisfied that such Centre, Laboratory or Clinic is in a 

position to provide such facilities, maintain such equipment and standards as may be prescribed. 

19. Certificate of registration.—(1) The Appropriate Authority shall, after holding an inquiry and 

after satisfying itself that the applicant has complied with all the requirements of this Act and the rules 

made thereunder and having regard to the advice of the Advisory Committee in this behalf, grant a 

certificate of registration in the prescribed form jointly or separately to the Genetic Counselling Centre, 

Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic, as the case may be. 

(2) If, after the inquiry and after giving an opportunity of being heard to the applicant and having 

regard to the advice of the Advisory Committee, the Appropriate Authority is satisfied that the applicant 

has not complied with the requirements of this Act or the rules, it shall, for reasons to be recorded in 

writing, reject the application for registration. 

(3) Every certificate of registration shall be renewed in such manner and after such period and on 

payment of such fees as may be prescribed. 

(4) The certificate of registration shall be displayed by the registered Genetic Counselling Centre, 

Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic in a conspicuous place at its place of business. 

20. Cancellation or suspension of registration.—(1) The Appropriate Authority may suo motu, or 

on complaint, issue a notice to the Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic to 

show cause why its registration should not be suspended or cancelled for the reasons mentioned in the 

notice. 

(2) If, after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic 

Laboratory or Genetic Clinic and having regard to the advice of the Advisory Committee, the Appropriate 

Authority is satisfied that there has been a breach of the provisions of this Act or the rules, it may, without 

prejudice to any criminal action that it may take against such Centre, Laboratory or Clinic, suspend its 

registration for such period as it may think fit or cancel its registration, as the case may be. 

(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (1) and (2), if the Appropriate Authority is of 

the opinion that it is necessary or expedient so to do in the public interest, it may, for reasons to be 

recorded in writing, suspend the registration of any Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or 

Genetic Clinic without issuing any such notice referred to in sub-section (1). 

                                                           
1. Subs. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 17, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 



13 
 

21. Appeal.—The Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic may, within 

thirty days from the date of receipt of the order of suspension or cancellation of registration passed by the 

Appropriate Authority under section 20, prefer an appeal against such order to— 

(i) the Central Government, where the appeal is against the order of the Central Appropriate 

Authority; and 

(ii) the State Government, where the appeal is against the order of the State Appropriate 

Authority,  

in the prescribed manner. 

CHAPTER VII 

OFFENCES AND PENALTIES 

1
[22. Prohibition of advertisement relating to pre-conception and pre-natal determination of sex 

and punishment for contravention.—(1) No person, organisation, Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic 

Laboratory or Genetic Clinic including clinic, laboratory or centre having ultrasound machine or imaging 

machine or scanner or any other technology capable of undertaking determination of sex of the foetus or 

sex selection shall issue, publish, distribute, communicate or cause to be issued, published, distributed or 

communicated any advertisement, in any form, including internet, regarding facilities of pre-natal 

determination of sex or sex selection before conception available at such Centre, Laboratory, Clinic or at 

any other place. 

(2) No person or organisation including Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic 

Clinic shall issue, publish, distribute, communicate or cause to be issued, published, distributed or 

communicated any advertisement in any manner regarding pre-natal determination or pre-conception 

selection of sex by any means whatsoever, scientific or otherwise. 

(3) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall be 

punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine which may 

extend to ten thousand rupees. 

Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, “advertisement” includes any notice, circular, label, 

wrapper or any other document including advertisement through internet or any other media in electronic 

or print form and also includes any visible representation made by means of any hoarding, wall-painting, 

signal, light, sound, smoke or gas.] 

23. Offences and penalties.—(1) Any medical geneticist, gynaecologist, registered medical 

practitioner or any person who owns a Genetic Counselling Centre, a Genetic Laboratory or a Genetic 

Clinic or is employed in such a Centre, Laboratory or Clinic and renders his professional or technical 

services to or at such a Centre, Laboratory or Clinic, whether on an honorary basis or otherwise, and who 

contravenes any of the provisions of this Act or rules made thereunder shall be punishable with 

imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine which may extend to ten thousand 

rupees and on any subsequent conviction, with imprisonment which may extend to five years and with 

fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees. 
2
[(2) The name of the registered medical practitioner shall be reported by the Appropriate Authority 

to the State Medical Council concerned for taking necessary action including suspension of the 

registration if the charges are framed by the court and till the case is disposed of and on conviction for 

removal of his name from the register of the Council for a period of five years for the first offence and 

permanently for the subsequent offence. 

(3) Any person who seeks the aid of any Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory, Genetic 

Clinic or ultrasound clinic or imaging clinic or of a medical geneticist, gynaecologist, sonologist or 

imaging specialist or registered medical practitioner or any other person for sex selection or for 

conducting pre-natal diagnostic techniques on any pregnant women for the purposes other than those 

specified in  sub-section (2) of section 4, he shall, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may 

extend to three years and with fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees for the first offence and for 

any subsequent offence with imprisonment which may extend to five years and with fine which may 

extend to one lakh rupees. 

                                                           
1. Subs. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 18, for section 22 (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
2. Subs. by s. 19, ibid., for sub-sections (2) and (3) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 



14 
 

(4) For the removal of doubts, it is hereby provided that the provisions of sub-section (3) shall not 

apply to the woman who was compelled to undergo such diagnostic techniques or such selection.] 

1
[24. Presumption in the case of conduct of pre-natal diagnostic techniques.—Notwithstanding 

anything contained in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872), the court shall presume unless the 

contrary is proved that the pregnant woman was compelled by her husband or any other relative, as the 

case may be, to undergo pre-natal diagnostic technique for the purposes other than those specified in    

sub-section (2) of section 4 and such person shall be liable for abetment of offence under sub-section (3) 

of section 23 and shall be punishable for the offence specified under that section.] 

25. Penalty for contravention of the provisions of the Act or rules for which no specific 

punishment is provided.—Whoever contravenes any of the provisions of this Act or any rules made 

thereunder, for which no penalty has been elsewhere provided in this Act, shall be punishable with 

imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months or with fine, which may extend to one 

thousand rupees or with both and in the case of continuing contravention with an additional fine which 

may extend to five hundred rupees for every day during which such contravention continues after 

conviction for the first such contravention.  

26. Offences by companies.—(1) Where any offence, punishable under this Act has been committed 

by a company, every person who, at the time the offence was committed was in charge of, and was 

responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall 

be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished 

accordingly: 

Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any 

punishment, if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he had exercised 

all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence. 

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where any offence punishable under this 

Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the 

consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary 

or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to 

be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. 

Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,— 

(a) “company” means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals, 

and 

(b) “director”, in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm. 

27. Offence to be cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable.—Every offence under this Act 

shall be cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable. 

28. Cognizance of offences.—(1) No court shall take cognizance of an offence under this Act except 

on a complaint made by— 

(a) the Appropriate Authority concerned, or any officer authorised in this behalf by the Central 

Government or State Government, as the case may be, or the Appropriate Authority; or 

(b) a person who has given notice of not less than 
2
[fifteen days] in the manner prescribed, to the 

Appropriate Authority, of the alleged offence and of his intention to make a complaint to the court. 

Explanation.—For the purpose of this clause, “person” includes a social organisation. 

(2) No court other than that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class 

shall try any offence punishable under this Act. 

(3) Where a complaint has been made under clause (b) of sub-section (1), the court may, on demand 

by such person, direct the Appropriate Authority to make available copies of the relevant records in its 

possession to such person. 

                                                           
1. Subs. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 20, for section 24 (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
2. Subs. by s. 21, ibid., for “thirty days” (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 



15 
 

CHAPTER VIII 

MISCELLANEOUS 

29. Maintenance of records.—(1) All records, charts, forms, reports, consent letters and all other 

documents required to be maintained under this Act and the rules shall be preserved for a period of two 

years or for such period as may be prescribed: 

Provided that, if any criminal or other proceedings are instituted against any Genetic Counselling 

Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic, the records and all other documents of such Centre, 

Laboratory or Clinic shall be preserved till the final disposal of such proceedings. 

(2) All such records shall, at all reasonable times, be made available for inspection to the Appropriate 

Authority or to any other person authorised by the Appropriate Authority in this behalf. 

30. Power to search and seize records, etc.—
1
[(1) If the Appropriate Authority has reason to 

believe that an offence under this Act has been or is being committed at any Genetic Counselling Centre, 

Genetic Laboratory, Genetic Clinic or any other place, such Authority or any officer authorised in this 

behalf may, subject to such rules as may be prescribed, enter and search at all reasonable times with such 

assistance, if any, as such Authority or officer considers necessary, such Genetic Counselling Centre, 

Genetic Laboratory, Genetic Clinic or any other place and examine any record, register, document, book, 

pamphlet, advertisement or any other material object found therein and seize and seal the same if such 

Authority or officer has reason to believe that it may furnish evidence of the commission of an offence 

punishable under this Act.] 

 (2) The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974) relating to searches and 

seizures shall, so far as may be, apply to every search or seizure made under this Act. 

31. Protection of action taken in good faith.—No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall 

lie against the Central or the State Government or the Appropriate Authority or any officer authorised by 

the Central or State Government or by the Authority for anything which is in good faith done or intended 

to be done in pursuance of the provisions of this Act. 

2
[31A. Removal of difficulties.—(1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of the 

Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2002              

(14 of 2003), the Central Government may, by order published in the Official Gazette, make such 

provisions not inconsistent with the provisions of the said Act as appear to it to be necessary or expedient 

for removing the difficulty: 

Provided that no order shall be made under this section after the expiry of a period of three years from 

the date of commencement of the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) 

Amendment Act, 2002 (14 of 2003). 

(2) Every order made under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each 

House of Parliament.] 

32. Power to make rules.—(1) The Central Government may make rules for carrying out the 

provisions of this Act. 

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may 

provide for— 
3
[(i) the minimum qualifications for persons employed at a registered Genetic Counselling 

Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic under clause (2) of section 3; 

(ia) the manner in which the person conducting ultrasonography on a pregnant woman shall keep 

record thereof in the clinic under the proviso to sub-section (3) of section 4;] 

 (ii) the form in which consent of a pregnant woman has to be obtained under section 5; 

(iii) the procedure to be followed by the members of the Central Supervisory Board in the 

discharge of their functions under sub-section (4) of section 8; 

                                                           
1. Subs. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 22, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
2. Ins. by s. 23, ibid. (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 
3. Subs. by s. 24, ibid., for clause (i) (w.e.f. 14-2-2003). 



16 
 

(iv) allowances for members other than ex officio members admissible under sub-section (5) of 

section 9; 
1
[(iva) code of conduct to be observed by persons working at Genetic Counselling Centres, 

Genetic Laboratories and Genetic Clinics to be laid down by the Central Supervisory Board under 

clause (iv) of section 16; 

(ivb) the manner in which reports shall be furnished by the State and Union territory Supervisory 

Boards to the Board and the Central Government in respect of various activities undertaken in the 

State under the Act under clause (iv) of sub-section (1) of section 16A; 

(ivc) empowering the Appropriate Authority in any other matter under clause (d) of section 17A;] 

(v) the period intervening between any two meetings of the Advisory Committee under the 

proviso to sub-section (8) of section 17; 

(vi) the terms and conditions subject to which a person may be appointed to the Advisory 

Committee and the procedure to be followed by such Committee under sub-section (9) of section 17; 

(vii) the form and manner in which an application shall be made for registration and the fee 

payable thereof under sub-section (2) of section 18; 

(viii) the facilities to be provided, equipment and other standards to be maintained by the Genetic 

Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic under sub-section (5) of section 18; 

(ix) the form in which a certificate of registration shall be issued under sub-section (1) of      

section 19; 

(x) the manner in which and the period after which a certificate of registration shall be renewed 

and the fee payable for such renewal under sub-section (3) of section 19; 

(xi) the manner in which an appeal may be preferred under section 21; 

(xii) the period up to which records, charts, etc., shall be preserved under sub-section (1) of 

section 29; 

(xiii) the manner in which the seizure of documents, records, objects, etc., shall be made and the 

manner in which seizure list shall be prepared and delivered to the person from whose custody such 

documents, records or objects were seized under sub-section (1) of section 30; 

(xiv) any other matter that is required to be, or may be, prescribed. 

33. Power to make regulations.—The Board may, with the previous sanction of the Central 

Government, by notification in the Official Gazette, make regulations not inconsistent with the provisions 

of this Act and the rules made thereunder to provide for— 

(a) the time and place of the meetings of the Board and the procedure to be followed for the 

transaction of business at such meetings and the number of members which shall form the quorum 

under sub-section (1) of section 9; 

(b) the manner in which a person may be temporarily associated with the Board under                

sub-section (1) of section 11; 

(c) the method of appointment, the conditions of service and the scales of pay and allowances of 

the officer and other employees of the Board appointed under section 12; 

(d) generally for the efficient conduct of the affairs of the Board. 

34. Rules and regulations to be laid before Parliament.—Every rule and every regulation made 

under this Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it 

is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more 

successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the 

successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or regulation or 

both Houses agree that the rule or regulation should not be made, the rule or regulation shall thereafter 

have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such 

modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under 

that rule or regulation. 

                                                           
1. Ins. by Act 14 of 2003, s. 24 (w.e.f. 14-2-2003).