Central · Act 47 of 2023

Section 86 — Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures.

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

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STATUTORY TEXT
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(1) In any proceeding involving a secure electronic record, the Court shall presume unless contrary is proved, that the secure electronic record has not been altered since the specific point of time to which the secure status relates.

(2) In any proceeding, involving secure electronic signature, the Court shall presume unless the contrary is proved that--

(a) the secure electronic signature is affixed by subscriber with the intention of signing or approving the electronic record;

(b) except in the case of a secure electronic record or a secure electronic signature, nothing in this section shall create any presumption, relating to authenticity and integrity of the electronic record or any electronic signature.



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India Code, Government of India. Text fetched 09 Oct 2026. Check the linked official text and subsequent notifications when applying a provision.

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Section 86 — Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures. | The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 | NYAYA SIGNALNYAYA SIGNAL · Free access · Official source references

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