Central · Act 47 of 2023

Section 93 — Presumption as to electronic records five years old.

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

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Where any electronic record, purporting or proved to be five years old, is produced from any custody which the Court in the particular case considers proper, the Court may presume that the electronic signature which purports to be the electronic signature of any particular person was so affixed by him or any person authorised by him in this behalf.

Explanation.--The Explanation to section 81 shall also apply to this section.

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Next · Section 94Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document. →All sections / सभी धाराएँThe Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 →
More sections of this actSection 1 · Short title, application and commencement.Section 2 · Definitions.Section 3 · Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts.Section 4 · Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction.Section 5 · Facts which are occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue or relevant facts.Section 6 · Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct.Section 7 · Facts necessary to explain or introduce fact in issue or relevant facts.Section 8 · Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design.
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India Code, Government of India. Text fetched 09 Oct 2026. Check the linked official text and subsequent notifications when applying a provision.

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Section 93 — Presumption as to electronic records five years old. | The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 | NYAYA SIGNAL

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